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THE* 
GATE 

THE* 
SEA* 



H GUIDE TO INTEREST 
ING AND DIVERTING 
SIGHTS IN THE^^c^ 
GREATER NEW YORK 
AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD 
INCLUDING JERSEY CITY 



PRICE, TEN CENTS 



EAGLE PRESS, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 



A VISITOR'S GUIDE 



TO 



THE GREATER 
NEW YORK 



Jersey City and Suburbs 



Prepared for general circulation and especially for the members of the Young People's 

Christian Union w^ho will attend the Annual Convention in 

Jersey City in July, 1896 



HERBERT F. GUNNISON, Editor 
GEORGE R. HOUGH, Jersey City, Chairman of the Publishing Committee 



ILLUSTRATED 



PRICE, TEN CENTS 



Copyrighted, 1896 



.it 

The Gate to the Sea .frf^S 



Iijvesl I^oney where il will Grow Rapidly and be Absolutely Safe 

PROHIBITION PARK 

Made Part of New York City. 
The Greater New York Bill Now Signed by the Governor. 



100 Lots at Special Sale Before Advance in Price, at $5.00 per Month. Safer and 

Far More Profitable than Savings Banks, as Sure as Government 

Bonds, with Far Greater Returns. 

A PROPHECY BY A GREAT FINANCIER. 

Qen. Thomas L. James, ex-Postmaster General of the United States, Pres- 
ident of the Lincoln National Bank (the Vanderbilts" Bank), New York Cit}- — " No 
portion of New York City will improve more rapidl}', when the ' Greater New 
York ' is an accomplished fact, than Staten Island. It is an Isle of Wight at the 
very door of New York. It is destined to have, in the near future, very great 
prosperity." 

If you have any nione}' to lay by or invest, here is yoiir opportunity. It is 
safer and much more profitable than savings banks ; based on the constant and 
wonderful development of New York City. The continuous and rapid growth of 
the city is as certain as the multiplication table or the law of gravity. The best of 
New York City suburban districts are now increasing twice as rapidly as the popu- 
lation of our largest American cities. 

Real estate, north of the City Hall, as far as Prohibition Park on Staten Island 
is south of it, is selling at ten to twenty times the prices that it is selling for at 
Prohibition Park ; because the speculators turned their attention first to the north, 
and have "boomed" the city sixteen miles and more that way. They are now 
beginning to turn their attention to the south. Now is a chance for investors, and 
they are beginning to see their opportunity. The property there is bound to 
" boom." 

Bishop Vincent, genius and founder of the great Chautauqua movement, says . 
" Prohibition Park is a charming spot on a pearl of an island of rapid growth." 

THE SPECIAL OFFER.-FIRST COME, FIRST CHOICE. 

Before advance is made in prices, we offer for sale the following at very low 
prices. (Remember the streets are graded, first sidewalks laid, sewers, water and 
electric lights introduced at the expense of the Park.) 

60 lyots at ^380 each lo I/Ots at #500 each 

25 " 450 " 5 " 600 '' 

Send your order at once with the first payment of $5.00 ; state the price of the 
lot wished. The best of the lots that are unsold at the time your remittance is re- 
ceived will be selected for j'ou with conscientious care. Future payments will be 
$5.00 the first of each month to cover principal and interest. 

REMP^MBER — If at anj' time you ai-e dissatisfied with the selection, you can 
exchange the lot selected for you for any unsold lot in the park of the same price ; 
you can do so without any expense to you for the exchange, or, if you prefer one 
at a different price, you can exchange by adjusting the difference in price. 

More than sixty buildings are already erected and a number of new residences 
(one by Rev. Dr. Louis A. Banks, of Brooklyn) are now in process of construction 
in the Park, and others are to be built this season. Make draft, check or money 
order payable to \. K. Funk, Treasurer, and address all communications to 
B. F. Funk, President, Prohibition Park, Staten Island, New York. 

'SS'Meelings now in progress at the Great Auditorium in Prohibition Park. 

•S^Special Program for Friday, July 10. Unioners invited. Take Jersey City 
trolley cars to Bergen Point, Ferry to Port Richmond, and Trolley direct to Park. 



-4* 



The Gate to t/ic Sea 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

/ The editor is under special obligations for assistance in the preparation of tliis 
book to Charles M. Skinner, who wi^ote the introduction ; to Miss Ada Davenport 
Fuller for' the chapter on Jersey City; to Mrs. George R. Hough for the chapters 
on Asbury Park and Up the Hudson ; to Rev. E. G. Mason for the article on Good 
Luck ; to A. R. Heath who wrote about Staten Island, and to Don C. Seitz, of 
Brooklyn, for many valuable suggestions. Also acknowledgments are due to the 
AVtx/ I'or/; JVorld for the use of the maps of New York City; to the A'ezc York 
Recorder and the Brooklyn Eagle for the loan of several pictures, and to Alexander 
Black for the handsome picture used on the cover, which is one of the views in 
Mr. Black's new picture play, "A Capital Courtship." 



NDEX. 



How to see New York, Introduction, 
A Bird's-eye View of Greater New York, 
Special Objects of Interest, 
A Word of Advice, 

Parks and Drives, .... 
Central Park, . . , . 

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
Fifth Avenue, . . - . 

Educational Institutions - 
Art Galleries, .... 
Libraries, ... 

Churches, - . . . - 

Charitable InstittUions, 

Clubs, 

Public Buildings, .... 
Exchanges, - . - - 

The Shopping District, 
The Tenement District, 
Places of Amusement, 



5 


Along the Water Front, 


- 40 


7 


Bartholdi Statue, 


40 


8 


Staten Island, 


- 43 


15 


Prohibition Park, 


43 


16 


Navy Yard, 


- 45 


17 


Brooklyn Bridge, 


47 


19 


Brooklyn, .... 


- 49 


21 


Prospect Park, 


55 


23 


Greenwood Cemetery, - 


- 57 


25 


Field Sports, .... 


61 


25 


Jersey City, 


- 63 


25 


Hoboken, .... 


71 


29 


Newark, 


- 73 


32 


Asbury Park, 


73 


34 


The Hudson River, 


• 77 


34 


Map of Greater New York, 


81 


36 


Sectional Maps of New York, - 


82-87 


36 


Y. P. C. U. Cominittees, 


Sg 


39 


Good Luck and Mun-ay Grove, 


- 9' 



The Gate to the Sea 



Patent Oarap Carts and Trueks 



IVIade to Ordep 
to Suit any [llork 




They dump to the rear, short up to hind axle. Patented improvements provide 
steeper pitch than in any other carts or trucks, causing a freer deUvery of load and 
relieving team of all strain in pulling away. More easily and quickly operated than 
any other carts or trucks made. 

Fig. I. Our Standard Sliding Body Truck 
(with tail board), made of wood and thoroughly 
ironed off. For excavating work, also hauling sand, 
brick, gravel or crushed stone. Easier and quicker 
operated, and most compact and easy running truck 
on the market. The load is uniformly distributed. 
Being full spring mounted insures quiet running, 
cushions the load and reduces wear and expense of 
repair. 

Fig. 2. Rocking Steel Body 
Truck - no tail board. For street 
sweeping, coal, ashes, and garbage. 
Light, durable, and easy running. 
Load easily dumped and body quickly 
returned to position. The trucks fitted 
with our Patent Positive Automatic 
Lock which prevents rattling. 

Fig. 3. New York City Ash 

Cart. Adopted by the Department. 
These carts made with or without 
springs ; in either case body and load 
rest on a bed ; not swung in trunions 
from the sides with only two points of 
support, which causes body to crack 
and give way. These carts fitted with 
.same lock as Fig. 2. 

All our trucks and cai'ts are built 
under a number of patents of M. L. 
Senderling, covering devices which 
secure continuous support of the body in 
its tilting movement and reduce the force 
of the blow on the ground. 

We Caution the Public against Infringements. 

Send for particulars about our New Asphalt Truck, provided with our new 
Patent Springs. 

Send for particulars of our new Patent Graduated Lever Spring for vehicles 
of all kinds. 




THE SENDERLING M'F'G CO., 



George R. Hough, Treasurer. 
M. L. Senderling, Manager. 



542 Grand, cor. prior St.. 

JERSEY CITY, N. J. 



^ovA? to See n^^ yopl^. 




and continues to the Hudson. 



VAV YORK is the biggest and most interesting city on the western 
hemisphere. It has but two or three rivals in size and consequence 
in the whole world. Therefore when people have a chance to see its 
wonders, to share in its gaieties, to study the various subjects in 
ethnology, economics and morals that are presented in its nmnerous aspects and 
conditions they do wisely to avail themselves of it. New York is a pleasant and 
instructive city to see, and an easy one to travel through. It is mostly laid off in 
squares, formed by numbered avenues running north and south, and numbered streets 
running east and west. Fifth avenue is the dividing line between the east and 
west divisions of these streets. Thus : East Thirtieth street begins at Fifth avenue 
and extends towards East River. West Thirtieth street begins at the same avenue 

No. I of each of these streets would be the first 
door from Fifth avenue. Long lines of surface 
and elevated railroads run up and down town, 
and as Manhattan Island, where the densest part 
of the 2,000,000 population lives, is a long, narrow 
tongue of rocky land, the visitor can easily get about 
from place to place by connecting lines of street 
cars. The fare on all lines is five cents. So sel- 
dom is a person required to walk, unless he wishes 
to, that it may be stated as a rule that there 
is not the slightest necessity for using carriages. 
It is lucky that this is so, for some of the cabmen 
of New York have won a bad reputation by impu- 
dence and alleged extortions, while so many of the 
streets are roughly paved that a ride through them 
is torture. Information in case of doubt is readily 
given by any American, and an offer of reward 
would be insulting. This does not apply in the case 
of certain of the foreigners who compose so large 
a part of the population of New York. Tips are 
an established nuisance in a good many places, as 
in restaurants, and the more expensive the dinner, 
the more you are expected to give to the waiter 
who brings it to you and who is supposed to have 
'■^ lieeu already paid by his employer. The attempt 

to establish a bureau of 
,,^ ^^, guides in the city has been 

unsuccessful, as it is folly 
to pay for what one can 
see as well without pay- 
ing. To know where and 
how to go in New York 
it is well to stud}' a little 
beforehand, while a slight 
knowledge of the history 
of the Metropolis will 
be a gain to any sightseer. 





iSsti^^AyiJ^tsJs^^^^ 





tUbEKXAluRV, LKNTRAL TARK 




A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF GREATER NEW YORK. 

]T is well to gain, if possible, a genei-al view of the city, in order to establish 
the bearings before striking out on detailed explorations. The immense 
office buildings down town, or the dome of the World Building, offer wide 
views in every direction, and the out-of-town visitor will find among them 
some place where he will be admitted. Everyone is free to the World 
dome. From some such point of vantage the great city and its neighbors lie below 
like a map, the streets marking lines across the mass of masonry, and the view 
being punctuated by hundreds of spires, chimneys and masts of shipping. Almost as 
far as the eye reaches to the north the city extends in a compacted surface of brick 
and stone. Away beyond, if the day is clear, can be seen the hills of Westchester 
and the taller earth waves of the Hudson Highlands. Turning toward the morning 
sun we see the East River winding between shores that are occupied with factories 
and shipping, its waters vexed with moving craft, but widening and becoming blue 
and bright as they emerge into Long Island Sound. On the same side Brooklyn 
extends its miles of roofs and streets, agreeably marked with foliage, which in New 
York is scarce, and chaining the shores together is the mighty span of the Brooklyn 
Bridge, one of the most imposing monuments of engineering skill and the most 
important structure of its class in the world. 

Then making a half face to the right we look beyond the point of New York into 
its sunny harbor where the vessels of all nations plow up and down or ride at anchor, 
and where, now and then, may be seen the white sides. of one of our cruisers or battle 
ships, silvery in the light and looking as peaceful as a swan as it rides on the waves. 
The largest island and the nearest to the Battery (the park at the end of the city) is 
Governor's Island, so called because it was in the old colonial days a property 
and occasional residence of the royal governors. It is fortified in a way that up to the 
time of the civil war was considered to be quite strong, but the improvements made 
since that period in ships and guns have rendered the forts and their armaments obso- 
lete. Indeed, it is feared that if the cannon on the top of old Castle William (the 
circular stone fort at the western edge of the island) were fired, the masonry might 
crumble about the ears of its occupants. In the distance are the green hills of Staten 
Island. 

To the right of Governor's Island is seen Liberty Island, with its immense 
" Statue of Liberty Enlightening the Woi-ld," the gift of the French nation to this 
country, and still farther toward the New Jersey shore is Ellis Island, distinguished 
by large, long, shed-like structures. Ellis Island is the entering point for European 
immigration and here thousands of worthless and vicious people, as well as other 
thousands of honest, law-abiding and desirable additions to our populace, are landed 
every month. Facing now to the west, Jersey City is seen just across the broad and 
busy Hudson, and beyond it is the wide expanse of Newark. The heights that extend 
along the west are known as the Orange Hills, and if the day is fair their prolongation 
can be traced into mountains near Paterson. Higher up the river will be noticed the 
majestic cliffs of the Palisades which border the river for nearly twenty miles. 
These lonely and striking monuments are to-day almost as they were when Henry 
Hudson first sailed up the noble stream that bears his name, save that companies of 
contractors have begun to blast them down at one or two points — an act that has 
excited general protest and indignation, but has brought no relief from the law 
makers. 



The Gate to t/ie Sea 




A PARK PASTORAL SCENE. 



SPECIAL OBJECTS OF INTEREST. 



Now, when it comes to seeing New York in detail, no general law can be laid 
down, for what might concern one would not interest another. . One visitor will wish 
to see the museums and galleries ; another will want to ramble about the parks ; a 
third will wish to inspect the remarkable architecture of the city ; another, with anti- 
quarian tastes, will take pleasure in mousing in the shabby quarters of vanished gen- 
tility ; a fifth will find the most attractive novelties along the water front ; a sixth 
wants to spend his time a-shopping and looking in at windows, while a seventh visits 
the quarters of the foreign population and discovers matters to be seen in no other 
American town. One might easily spend a month in going about the city, and New 
Yorkers themselves seldom attempt to keep up with the additions and changes that 
make the metropolis always interesting. Often we hear it said that it is not worth 
while to spend only a short time in seeing the sights of a town or a country, because 
we can get only a superficial view. But, on the principle that half a loaf is better 
than no bread, a glance is better than nothing, and the man vrho has spent a day 
in New York is apt to know more about it than the man who has merely read of it. 

Supposing, therefore, that the visitor is wide-awake, and wants to see what is 
really best worth his attention, his time being too short to study out selections, let 
him, after his first survey from a housetop, go to the Battery and glance in at the 
Aquarium, if he has the rare luck to find it open. The building in which it is housed is 
an old fort, and, as Castle Garden, was known for many3-earsas an immigrant station. 
Now climb up to the train of the Sixth avenue elevated road, and ride to the end of it. 
This will give an idea of the compact building of the city, of its crowded streets, of 
its richly stocked shops, its handsome churches and theatres, its noise and rush and its 
industry. Mile after mile of stores and tenements is passed. Bej'ond Sixtieth street 
Central Park shows on the right, and after passing that, Morningside Park rises into 



The Gate to the Sea 







1; :, 



lO 



The Gate to the Sea 



view on the left. From the end of the road the Harlem may be seen with the famous 
High Bridge and the larger Washington Bridge spanning the steep banked stream. 

Return by the same road to the Fifty-ninth street station, and leave the cars.- Walk 
eastward to Central Park, and ramble through a little of it, or, if time is pressing, 
walk around it to the menagerie where many strange animals are on free exhibition — 
look out for your pocket book and watch, while you are in the crowd, or leave them in 
the hotel safe before you start — and then continue along the east wall of the Park to 
the splendid Metropolitan Museum of Art, with the Egyptian obelisk on a knoll near 
by. This museum has a large and delightful collection of pictures, chosen from all 
schools and countries, relics from the East, including much opalescent glass of Cyprus, 
mummies, casts of antique statuary, glass, porcelains and pottery, musical instruments 
of various peoples, tapestries, rugs, embroideries, bronzes, weapons, metal work, lac- 
quers, coins, medals, drawings by old masters and other things. Indeed, if one had to 
choo.se some one thing to see in New York, the Metropolitan Museum would be a wise 




THE CORNELIUS VANDERBII.T MANSION. 
Fifth Avenue, West Side, from 57th to 58th Street, entrance to Cential Park. 



choice. Admission is free except on Monday and Friday, when a fee of twenty-five 
cents is charged. Across the Park, reached by pleasant walks and passing the reser- 
voirs and a tower commanding a fine view, is the American Museum of Natural 
History, with superb cabinets of minerals, rocks, gems, woods, shells, stuffed and 
preserved animals of air, land and sea, ethnological relics and such like matters of 
interest to the student. , 

Now descend Fifth avenue, by stage, if you like, to the Cathedral of St. Patrick, 
the most imposing Catholic church in the United States, and the one that most closely 
suggests the great cathedrals of Europe. Near by are the residences of the Vander- 
bilts and other wealthy families, though the avenue is fast losing its residence 
character and is becoming a street of shops. The principal dealers in pictures are to be 
found on this thoroughfare between Twentieth and Fortieth streets, and admission to 
their collections is always free. As a rule they have only European work on sale. 



12. The Gate to the Sea 

Other noteworthy objects seen in passing southward are the old reservoir at Forty-sec- 
ond street, an example of heavy Egyptian architecture ; numerous club houses, some 
fine churches and immense hotels, where a suite of three sinall rooms without board 
costs from .$150 to $500 a week, and where a modest little dinner breaks a ten dollar 
bill. Madison Square with its dominating and beautiful tower of the Madison Square 
Garden, adapted from the famous Giralda of Seville, and Union Square, are pleasant 
breaks in the architectural monotony. At the southern end of Fifth avenue is a grace- 
ful arch of marble leading into the park that used to be a paupers' burial ground, and 
across which lie the shabby buildings of the French quarter. 




CYCLING IN PROSPECT PARK. 



In a trip of this kind a few of the principal sights may be seen in a da}' if the 
traveler is quick in the use of his eyes and his legs. If time allows, he should give a 
glance at the parks, the theatres and music halls, the docks and piers, the new law 
courts, the Tombs, Columbia College with its library and collections, the Academy of 
Design and Fine Arts building where important exhibitions are held during the season, 
the Metropolitan Opera House, which has but one rival in the world, the Paris opera ; 
the stoutly-built armories of the National Guard, the great hospitals, homes, asylums, 
reformatories and other agencies in the care, education and improvement of the masses. 

And, by all means, see a little of the seamy side of metropolitan life, in order that 
the impression of the city shall be true. See the tenement districts of the east and 
west side, the crowded, squalid, noisy, ill-smelling, dirty barracks, where far, lilies pay 
as much in two years for a room as would give them a home of their own in the 
healthful country. Here vice and crime abound; here the death-rate is high; here 



77^1? Gate to the Sea 



13 





WATER I'liWl^K, 1:Ki_)i.)KI,Y.\. 



are ignorance, drunkenness, filth, insolence. The effect is depressing and a very short 
visit suffices. The foreign quarters are of interest. They, too, are poor, because as 
soon as a foreigner achieves independence and learns to speak the language of the 
people among whom he has cast his fortune, he amalgamates himself with the Amer- 
icans. New York has been called more Irish than Dublin, wliich is true ; more 
German than Berlin, which is not true ; as Italian as many of the second-class cities of 
Italy, which, if not true, is fast tending to be ; the "New Jerusalem " contains more 
Jews than the ancient capital of that name ; there is a French quarter renowned for 
quaint little restaurants, whei-e Bohemians like to congregate ; the Irish occupy large 
districts in various parts of the city, but especially affect the eastern and western bor- 
ders; the Germans have their city on the east side, ]:)rincipally ; the Turks, Greeks and 
Syrians are on the west side, not far from the Battery ; the Chinese form an especially 
picturesque exhibit in Mott and Doyers streets, where they have their shops, theatre, 
opium joints, joss houses and restaurants ; and one of the densest populations is that 
extending eastward from the Bowery, where the Russian Jews inhabit — queer, stunted 
people, shabby in their dress, dirty in their surroundings, eager in making trades, 
fiercely jabbering together in the doorways and on the sidewalks. To see these people, 
walk down Hester street. 



The Gate to the Sea 



15 



Brooklyn, reached by the Bridge and many ferry hnes, deserves a day, if it can be 
spared, and in any case the visitor should walk across the Bridge. The westward 
walk is the pleasantest, as the views are ampler in that direction. In Brooklyn will be 
found a city of a million people, quieter, more home-loving than the New Yorkers, 
their streets shaded, their houses frequently isolated amid lawns. Brooklyn, accord- 
ing to police and health statistics, is a more moral and healthful city than New York. 
Its objects of interest are the Navy Yard, where war ships of various dates and styles 
can be seen, together with immense docks, shops and ordnance stores ; the Pratt 
Institute and library ; the great refineries, where half of the sugar eaten in the United 
States is made ; Fort Greene Park, the site of a revolutionary battery and the resting 
place of the martja-s who were starved or died of fever in the British prison ships ; Pros- 
pect Park, a large and beautiful tract ; the Eastern Parkway and the Ocean Boulevard, 
broad drives, shaded, with the finest bicycle path in the world bordering the latter 
highwa}' ; Greenwood Cemetery, where many famous men and women are buried; 
Fort Hamilton, with its garrison and heavy guns : the immense docks, where yachts 
and other vessels are laid up for storage and repair ; and Coney Island, with its thou- 
sand gaieties, the most popular seaside resort ini the world. 



A WORD OF ADVICE. 




MARYLAND MONUMENT, BROOKLYN. 



In traveling about New York and its 
environs, keep a cool head, do not rush, 
respect the rights of others, and when in- 
formation is wanted ask some authorized 
person, like a policeman, or a postman, 
or a fireman, or a hotel clerk. There was 
a lime when the visitor or citizen who 
addressed a policeman was answered with 
rudeness, if he was answered at all, but 
since the exposure and expulsion of a 
number of thieves and blackmailers from 
the force and the stern discipline of re- 
formers, these men have learned to know 
that they are the servants, not the masters, 
of the public. If one is insulted or in 
any way distressed by a policeman or a 
railroad employe the number of his badge 
should be taken and he should be reported 
at once to the police commissioners or the 
president of his company. There are a 
few of these' fellows who need all the 
restraint that the public can put upon 
them. Never give alms to those who beg 
for them, for the tramps of New York are 
the most undeserving of their class. As 
a rule, however, the visitor to New York 
will find the same safety, the same con- 
sideration, that he would find in any 
other city, and by the exercise of cheer- 
fulness and politeness his trip may be 
made a happy and instructive incident. 



1 6 The Gate to the Sea 



PARKS AND DRIVES. 



New York is proud of her parks, squares, boulevards and drives. They compare 
favorably with those in any city in the United States. 

Battery Park, at the southern end of the city overlooking the harbor, is one of 
the most interesting spots in the city. The view is superb, and there is much to be 
seen there of historic interest. Castle Garden, the place where Jenny Lind made 
her first appearance in this country and which for many years was the receiving depot 
for immigrants, stands within the limits of the park, and is now used as a public 
aquarium. The United States Revenue barge office is here and near this is the ferry 
to Governor's Island and the steamer to Bedloe's Island and the Statue of Liberty. — 
Note the statue erected to John Ericcson. It was unveiled in 1893, and was designed 
by G. Scott Hartley. Bowling Green, at the foot of Broadway, is a small oval park, 
with a fountain in the centre, where a statue of George III. once stood, and surroi:nd- 
ing it are many of the ocean steamship offices, foreign consulates, the Produce 
Exchange, Washington and Standard Oil Company buildings. The balls that used to 
ornament the iron fence posts surrounding this little park were broken off during the 
Revolution by the colonists, who used them in their cannon. On the site of the 
Washington building was formerly the headquarters of Washington. Hanover 
Square, corner of Pearl and William streets, is the centre of the wholesale 
cotton trade, and near by is Jeannette Park, formerly known as Coenties Slip. 
City Hall Park is bounded by Broadway and Park Row, and contains the 
City Hall, the Court House (built by Boss Tweed at a cost of $[2,000,000 and 
one of the causes of his downfall), and the Post Office. These buildings are well 
worth a visit, especially the City Hall. In the Governor's room in the second story is 
the writing desk on which Washington wrote his first message to Congress, and a 
number of fine portraits, including one of Columbus. At the southwestern end of the 
park is the statue recently erected to the patriot, Nathan Hale. Near by is Printing 
House Square, containing the great newspaper offices of the World, Times, Tribune, 
Sun, fournal. Recorder and Staats-Zeitung, and the statue of Benjamin Franklin. 
Visitors are especially welcome in the World building where can be seen typesetting 
by machinery, the making of cuts, the interesting process of stereotyping and the 
printing of papers by the mammoth Hoe presses. Franklin Square is five minutes' 
walk east of City Hail Square. Visit the great publishing house of the Harpers. 
Continuing up Broadway to Fourteenth street is Union Square, one of the most 
charming "breathing places" in the great city. Here are the statues of Washing- 
ton, Lincoln and Lafayette arid surrounding it are Union Square theatre, many well 
known hotels and restaurants, and the famous jewelry house of Tiffany & Co. (visitors 
welcome). At the lower end of Fifth avenue is Washington Park and the Washing- 
ton Memorial Arch, seventy feet high, built at a cost of .$128,000, and paid by popular 
subscription. Designed by Stanford White and completed in 1S92. Madison Square, 
between Broadway and Madison avenue, has two fountains, fine lawns and trees, 
and statues of Seward, Conkhng and Farragut, the latter regarded by some as the most 
artistic piece of sculpture in the citj'. Nearly opposite is the granite obelisk to the 
memory of Worth, a hero of the Mexican war. On the eastern side of the park is the 
famous Madison Square Garden, a building, occupying an entire block, where the 
great horse shows, flower shows and bicycle shows are held. It has a theatre, ball-room, 
concert hall and a restaurant. The tower is 300 feet high. Dr. Parkhurst's church 
(Madison Avenue Presbyterian) is near by, and adjoining that is the huge 
marble building of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. On the northern and 



Parks and Drives 



17 



western sides are Delmonico's restaurant, the Hoffman House, headquarters for the 
Democratic politicians, and the Fifth Avenue Hotel, where Republicans congregate. 
Among other smaller parks are Qramercy, between Twentieth and Twenty-first 
streets and Third and Fourth avenues ; Stuy vesant Square, between East Fifteenth 
and Seventeenth streets; Tompkins Square, between East Seventh and Tenth streets; 
Bryant Park, between Fortieth and Forty-second streets and Sixth avenue, where the 
renowned Crystal Palace stood before the war; Morningside, containing forty-seven 
acres, and extending from One Hundred and Tenth to One Hundred and Twenty-third 
streets, near Tenth avenue, near the site of the new Episcopal Cathedral of St. John 
the Divine, has a costly driveway ; Mount Morris Square, a bold rocky hill near 
Fifth avenue, between One Hundred and Twentieth and One Hundred and Twenty- 
fourth streets ; Riverside Park, on the banks of the Hudson, from Seventy-second to 




A PARK VIEW. 

One Hundred and Thirtieth streets, three miles long and averaging five hundred feet 
wide. This should be visited if possible, as it offers a fine view of the Hudson and the 
Palisades, and is bordered by some of the finest residences in the city. At the 
north end is a brick vault containing, temporarily, the remains of General Grant, and 
near by is the nearly completed Grant tomb, which will be, when finished, one of the 
finest mausoleums in the world. An entire day should be reserved for 

CENTRAL PARK. 

This is one of the finest parks in the world. It has already cost over .$15,000,000. 
It extends from Fifty-ninth street to One Hundred and Tenth street, two and one-half 
miles, and from Fifth avenue to Eighth avenue, over one-half mile, covering an area 
of 862 acres. The landscape architects were Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert 
Vaux. The park is easily reached by elevated and street cars. To obtain a general 
view, take one of the Park carriages at the entrances on Fifth and Eighth avenues ; 



The Gate to the Sea 




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Pi > 



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a o 

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a '^ 

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<■ i- 



D O 



Central Park 19 

trips, twenty-five cents. Attention here can only be called to a few of the more 
important attractions that should be especially noted by the visitor. At Fifty-ninth 
street and Fifth avenue is the Scholars' Gate, adorned by a bust of von Humboldt, at 
the unveiling of which, in 1874, Prof. Louis Agassiz made a notable address. At the 
Eighth avenue entrance is a lofty column surmounted by a statue of Columbus, presented 
by the Italian residents of the city in 1892, and near by is the statue of " Commerce," 
presented by Stephen B. Guion in 1865. In the southwest part of the park is the play- 
ground for boys, and the carrousel for young children, and beyond is the Common, a 
lawn of sixteen acres upon which are sheep grazing. The Menagerie is in the south- 
east part, and is clustered around the old Arsenal building. Animals of all kinds are 
to be seen. The visitor needs no guide. Let him make good use of his eyes. It is 
one of the best collections in this countr\\ The Mall is a broad promenade, a quarter 
of a mile long and 208 feet wide, bordered b\' double rows of elm trees and famous for 
the collection of statues, prominent among which are : Shakespeare by J. Q. A. Ward, 
erected on the 300th anniversary of the poet's birth ; Burns and Scott, both in sitting pos- 
ture ; the " Indian Hunter," by Ward ; Fitz Greene Halleck and a colossal Beethoven 
bust. For kmch go to the Casino. Near by is the Music Pavilion where band music is 
given on Saturday afternoons. The Terrace, a sumptuous pile of richly carved 
masonry, and the Lake come next in view, and the famous Bethesda Fountain de- 
signed by Emma Stebbins and made in Munich. A boat ride on the lake will be inter- 
esting, if time permits, and bej'ond the lake is the Ramble, thirty-six acres, a place of 
many foot-paths through thickets and by the side of rocks and streams, passing a noble 
bust of Schiller, rustic cabins, gorges and waterfalls. Farther on is the Belvedere, a 
tower of stone from the top of which a fine view of the park can be had, and next are 
the great reservoirs, containing 1,200,000 gallons of Croton water. On the left is the 
American Museum of Natural History, an imposing structure of light brown stone. 
Admittance free except on Mondays and Fridays (twenty-five centsj, and on Sunday 
afternoons and on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Here are to be seen the 
■quadrupeds of America and the Old World, a conspicuous group of the monkey 
tribe, and a fine collection of birds. A great curiosity is a specimen of the great 
auk or gare-fowl which became extinct a century ago. There are many interesting 
specimens of game birds and water-fowl. The collection of corals, sponges and star- 
fishes is particularly interesting, and also, in the same room, the Tiffany collection 
of gems and precious stones. The exhibits of geology and ethnologj^ are of especial 
value to the students of those subjects. Note the Jesup collection of North American 
woods, 512 specimens. The museum is open from nine to five o'clock ; evenings, eight 
to ten, and Sundays, one to five. 

While on the west side of the park notice should be given to the tall bronze statue 
of Daniel Webster, modeled by Thomas Ball, and the two bronzes "Tigress and 
Young," by Caine, and "The Falconer," by Simonds. The statue of the Seventh 
Regiment stands near Seventy-second street, and near to it a bust of Mazzini, the 
Italian liberator. Near the Eighty-first street gate is an equestrian statue of General 
Simon Bolivar, a gift from the Venezuelan Republic. Along the East Drive are to 
be noticed Ward's historical statue of "The Pilgrim," given by the New England 
Society, a bronze statue of Prof. S. F. B. Morse, Kenney's " Still Hunt," the statue of 
Alexander Hamilton, and the Obelisk, which was presented to the city in 1S77 by the 
Khedive of Eg}'pt, Ismail Pasha, and was brought to this countr}' by Lieut.-Com. 
Gorringe, Mr. William H. Vanderbilt paying the expense. It is seventy feet high, 
and weighs 200 tons. It is conjectured that it was made over 3,500 years ago — before 
the siege of Troy or the foundation of Rome. Opposite the Obelisk and near Fifth 
avenue and Eighty-third street is the Metropolitan Museum of Art, containing the 
finest collection of pictures in America. Admittance free except on Mondays and 
Fridays (twenty-five cents); Monday and Friday evenings, eight to ten o'clock; admis- 



The Gate to the Sea 
















Orphan Asylum. Cardinal's Residence. 

ST. Patrick's cathedrat, — roman catholic. 

Fifth Avenue, east side, from Fiftieth to Fifty-first Street. 



Fifth Avenue 21 

sion free ; catalogues ten cents each. The scope of this book does not warrant a 
description of this collection; but the visitor is reminded that he must not fail to 
examine among the paintings "The Mill" and the "Adoration of the Shepherds," 
by Rembrandt ; " Pyramus and Thisbe " and "Susannah and the Elders," by Rubens ; 
" Saltash," by Turner ; " Lady Carew," by Joshua Reynolds, and " House of Cards," 
by Hogarth ; and of modern painters examine Kaulbach's " Crusaders Before Jerusa- 
lem," Rosa Bonheui-'s "Horse Fair," for which Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt paid !$53,5oo, 
and Detaille's "Defense of Champigny," presented by Mr. Henry Hilton, and the 
notable picture of Meissonier, " Friedland, 1S07." The collections of statuary, gem&, 
coins, textiles, arms, musical instruments, Cypriote relics, Egyptian mummy cases, 
•casts from the Greek, reduced models of the Pantheon and Parthenon, Japanese art, 
and oriental porcelains will repay careful examination. 

Fifth Avenue— The best way to reach Central Park is by stage up Fifth avenue, 
if possible, occupying a seat on the top of the stage. Starting from the Washington 
Monument, you pass the Methodist Book Concern at Twentieth street, the Union and 
Lotus Club houses, art gallerj^of Knoedler& Co. At Twenty-third street Fifth avenue 
•crosses Broadway, and touches the west side of Madison Square. The celebrated Fifth 
Avenue Hotel occupies the corner of Twenty -third street, and at the southwest corner 
of Twenty-sixth street, just beyond Worth Monument, is Delmonico's, while diagonally 
opposite, the Brunswick. The Victoria Hotel is at the corner of West Twenty-seventh 
street; the Calumet Club on the northeast corner of Twenty-ninth street. On the 
northwest corner is the Fifth Avenue Dutch Reformed Church, organized in 1623. 
Next north of it is the immense Holland House. The Knickerbocker Club is at the 
northeast corner of Thirty-second street, the magnificent Waldorf Hotel is on the 
northwest corner of Thirty-third street, and the new annex is next to it on Thirty-fourth 
■street ■ The great white marble palace on the northwest corner of West Thirty-fourth 
street, former!}' the Stewart mansion, is now the Manhattan Club House. The New 
York Club House is on the southwest corner of Thirty-fifth street. The St. Nicholas Club 
is on the southwest corner of Thirty-sixth street. At the corner of West Thirty-seventh 
street is the Brick Church, Presbyterian. The elevation of Fifth avenue at this point 
is known as Murray Hill, and affords a magnificent exhibition of New York wealth and 
luxur}'. At the northeast corner of Thirty-ninth street is the LTnion League Club 
House. On the west side, between Fortieth and Forty-second streets, is the massive 
stone Croton reservoir, and on the southeast corner of Forty-second street is the 
Columbia Bank. At the corner of East Forty-third street stands the Jewish Temple 
with its double towers. At the corner of West Forty-fifth street is the Universalist 
Church made famous through the eloquence of its late pastor. Rev. E. H. Chapin, now 
under the pastorate of the Rev. Charles H. Eaton. The single tower just above East 
Fortj'-fifth street marks the entrance to the Church of the Heavenly Rest. Just be- 
yond, between Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh streets, stands the Windsor Hotel. At 
the corner of West Forty-eighth street is the highly ornate and striking Dutch Reformed 
Church, and at the corner of Fiftieth street is the new Buckingham Hotel. Filling 
the entire space between Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets is the immense St. Patrick's 
Cathedral, the largest and finest edifice of the kind in America. Between Fifty-first 
and Fifty-second streets, on west side, are the brown stone residences of the Vanderbilt 
family. On the northwest corner of Fifty-first street is that of Mr. W. H. Vander- 
bilt. The next church on Fifth avenue is St. Thomas' Church, at the northwest 
corner of Fifty-third street. Adjoining it is the house of Dr. Seward Webb, Mr. W. 
H. Vanderbilt's son-in-law. At the square, between Fifty-fourth and Fifty -fifth streets, 
were the buildings of St. Luke's Hospital, and on the corner of Fifty-fifth street is 
the new Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, better known as Dr. Hall's. On the 
southwest corner of Fifty-seventh street is the residence of Mr. Whitney, ex-Secretary 
of the United States Navy, and opposite it, on the southeast corner of the avenue, is 



Educational 1 nstitiitions 23^ 

the palatial residence of Mr. C. P. Huntington. On the northwest corner of Fifty- 
seventh street is the residence of Mr. CorneUus Vanderbilt. From Fifty-eighth to 
Fifty-ninth street is the Plaza, with three magnificent hotels fronting on it — the Plaza 
Hotel, at the southwest corner of Fifty-ninth street ; the Hotel Savoy, on the south- 
east corner ; and Mr. Astor's New Netherlands, on the northeast corner. At Fifty- 
ninth street is the entrance to Central Park, at the Scholars' Gate. On Fifty-ninth 
street, west of the avenue, are the Boston, Lorimer, Dalhousie, Hawthorne, Central 
Park, and other fine apartment houses, the La Salle Institute, and two or three fine 
club houses. Beyond Fifty-ninth street the avenue keeps on the east side of the park, 
and ultimately reaches Harlem River. At Fifth avenue and Sixtieth street is the 
Metropolitan Club, generally known as the Millionaires' Club, and at Sixty-third street 
is the Progress Club House. The avenue, though not wholly built up above Fifty- 
ninth street, yet presents man}^ objects of interest. It has many elegant residences, 
and the Lenox Library between Seventieth and Seventy-first streets well repays a visit. 
Drives North of the Harlem.— If one has time a visit should be made to Van 
Cortlandt Park, on the New York and Pelham Railroad, and Bronx Park, which lies 
on both sides of the Bronx River. The Southern Boulevard, which starts from the 
north end of the Third avenue bridge, commands a fine view of the Sound ; Central 
avenue, reached by Seventh avenue, extends to Jerome Park and St. Nicholas avenue, 
runs from Central Park to Fort Washington and joins the King's Bridge Road 
and extends to Yonkers. All these are good 'cycling roads. 



EDUCATIONAL LNSTITUTIONS. 

New York can well boast of its magnificent educational institutions. 

Columbia College, Madison avenue and Forty-ninth street, probably the most 
richly endowed school in America, with its departments of law, medicine, mining, 
architecture and philosophy, is becoming one of the great universities of the land. It 
is about moving to its new site, on Bloomingdale Heights, between Central Park and 
the Hudson River. The University of the City of New York is also moving 
from the crowded city to Fordham Heights, overlooking the Hudson, where, on 
twenty acres of land, is being erected a majestic group of buildings. This university 
has a school of arts and sciences, civil engineering, pedagogy, law and medicine. 
The College of the City of New York is at Lexington avenue and Twenty-third 
street. The Norma! College, East Sixty-ninth street, educates many hundred girls 
annually for teaching. 

Two of the greatest divinity schools in America are located in New York, the 
General Theological Seminary, Ninth avenue and Twentieth street, of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church, and the Union Theological School, on Lenox Hill, on 
Park avenue, near Seventieth street, of the Presbvterian Church. 

New York is celebrated for its great Medical Schools, with their laboratories, clin- 
ics and other perfected resources. The LTniversity Medical College and the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College have graduated nearly 12,000 physicians. The College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, Ninth avenue and Fifty-ninth street, founded practically in 
1767, and connected with Columbia, has fifty instructors and six httndred students. 
There are also well-equipped schools of homoeopathy, dentistry, pharmacy, ophthal- 
mology- and other branches of the healing art ; admirable training schools for nurses, 
and colleges for women doctors. Here, furthermore, is taught the art of healing 
the ills of domestic animals, in two thriving colleges, connected with spacious vet- 
erinary hospitals. There are three Law Schools, furnishing instruction to nearly 
1,000 students at a time. The public school system is efficient and, in some particu- 
lars, without a peer in the country. 




COOPER INSTITUTE. 



Third Avenue Elevated Railway. 



Art GaH cries — Libraries 25 

Art Galleries.— The Academy of Design, on the corner of East Twenty-third 
■street and Fourth avenue, is the best known gallery in the city. Exhibitions of paint- 
ings are held here at certain times in the year, and a small fee is charged at the door. 
The American Water Color Society exhibits annually at the Academy of Design. 
The American Art Association, of No. 6 East Twenty-third street, gives exhibitions 
annually. The Society of American Artists has a new gallery at No. 215 West Fifty- 
seventh street, between Seventh avenue and Broadway, which it shares with the 
Society of Architects and the Art Students' League. The Metropolitan Museum of 
Art, in Central Park, at Eighty-third street and Fifth avenue, devoted to painting. 
. sculpture and ceramic art, is open all the year. The Lenox Library, on Fifth avenue 
at Seventieth street (free), Cooper Institute (free), Fourth avenue and Eighth street, 
and the Historical Society rooms, corner Second avenue and Eleventh street, where 
strangers are received on introduction by members have many pictures. Knoedler & 
Co.'s art store is at No. 355 Fifth avenue. Cottier & Co., No. 144 Fifth avenue, 
deal in ceramic art, stained glass, and household decorations. Avery's is at 366 Fifth 
avenue; Kohn's, 166 Fifth avenue; Schaus's, 204 Fifth avenue; Boussod, Valadon & 
Co., No. 303 Fifth avenue; William Macbeth, No. 237 Fifth avenue. At Sypher & 
Co.'s, Fifth avenue and Twenty-eighth street, are ceramics and statuary. Schools of 
art connected with Academy, Art Students' League and Cooper Institute. 

Libraries.— The Astor Library in Lafayette Place, founded by John Jacob Astor 
in 1S48, is free to all for reference, but none of the books can be taken from the 
building. It numbers over 200,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library in Astor Place 
was founded by merchants' clerks in 1S20. It has a large reading-room and more than 
200,000 volumes. It is free to its members only. The Society Libi-ary, with 100,000 
volumes, in University Place, was organized in 1754. It is exclusively used by share- 
holders and others who pa^' a small annual fee. The Apprentices' Library, belonging 
to the " General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York," is 
free to all persons. It has 65,000 volumes. The Cooper L^nion Library, of a general 
character, and numbering about 16,500 volumes, is entirely free. It also includes a 
free reading-room, both located in the Cooper Union, at the junction of Fourth and 
Third avenues. The Library of the Association of the Bar of New York, located in 
Twenty-ninth street, was started in 1S71, and now numbers nearly 20,000 volumes. The 
Geographical Society and the American Institute have libraries of about 20,000 and 
16,000 volumes. The Young Men's Christian Association has a general library of 
38,000 volumes in its building on East Twenty-third street, and is open free to the 
public. The City Library, in the City Hall, consists entirely of public documents, and 
is free to such as wish to consult its 4,000 books. The Mott Memorial Library, devoted 
to medical and scientific books, was founded by the widow of Dr. Valentine Mott. It 
numbers 4,000 volumes and is free. Besides these are the Women's Library in Bleecker 
street, numbering over 3,000 volumes, and free to working women the library of 
the Natural History Society, 12.000 volumes. Columbia College library, free to re- 
sponsible persons, is one of the best managed in the city. The Lenox Library, occupy- 
ing a magnificent building on Fifth avenue, between Seventieth and Seventy-first streets, 
contains 70,000 volumes and many original paintings by old and modern masters. 

Cooper Institute. — Junction of Third and Fourth avenues and Seventh street 
and the Bowery. Built and endowed b}* Peter Cooper. This school has given a 
practical education to thousands of boys and girls in New York City, and is gene- 
rally regarded as one of the best mstitutions of the kind ?n the world. 

CHURCHES. 

There are about six hundred churches in New York. Services in Protestant 
Churches usually begin at 10.30 or 11 A. M. and 8 P. M. See the Saturday papers for 
list of preachers for Sunday. 




St. Denis Hotel 



Hilton, Hughes A: L 



GRACE CHURCH, BROADWAY AND TENTH STREET. 



Churches 2 7 

Episcopal Churches.— Trinity on Broadway, at head of Wall street, is the rich- 
est parish in America, having revenues of $500,000 a year. Founded 1697 ; received 
from the English government a grant of its present site. The present church dates 
from 1S46, and is a noble Gothic structure, with a rich gray interior, carved Gothic col- 
umns, groined roofs, and the magnificent marble and mosaic altar and reredos, erected 
by his family as a memorial to the late William B. Astor. The church is usually open 
all day long, throughout the week, with morning and evening prayers, at g A. M. and 
3 P. M., and imposing choral services on Smiday. It has an elaborate chancel service 
of silver, presented by good Queen Anne. Its spire, 2S4 feet high, commanded a wide 
view until shut in by taller buildinge, and contains a melodious chime of bells. 

St. Paul's, at Broadway and Vesey street, was built in 1764-66 and faces away from 
Broadway. It was attended by Washington. It is a chapel of Trinity parish. The 
interior is quaint and old-fashioned to a degree. Among those buried in St. Paul's 
churchyard were Emmet and MacNeven, Irish patriots of '98 ; Gen. Richard Mont- 
gomery, the brave American, who was killed in storming Quebec; John Dixey, 
R. A., an Irish sculptor; Capt. Baron de Rahenan, of one of the old Hessian regi- 
ments ; Col. the Sieur de Rochefontaine, of our Revolutionary army ; John Lucas and 
Job Sumner, majors in the Georgia Line and Massachussetts Line ; and Lieut -Col. 
Beverley Robinson, the Loyalist. 

Grace Church looks down Broadway from Tenth street, and is a very sumptuous- 
and ornate edifice of marble, with a lofty marble spire. The interior is rich in delicate 
carvings, lines of stone columns, fort\' stained-glass wmdows, etc. Renwick built the 
church in 1845. Visit the beautiful little chantry, opening off the south aisle, and erected 
by Catharine Wolf e's bounty. Many of the fashionable weddings are held in this church. 

St. George's, low-church, on Stuyvesant square, is an immense Byzantine struc- 
ture of brown-stone, with lofty twin spires, a rich chancel, and brilliant polychro- 
matic interior. W. S. Rainsford is rector. St. Mark's is a quaint old church, at 
Second aveime and Stuyvesant place, with many mural tablets, and the tomb of 
Petrus Stuyvesant, the last Dutch governor. From the adjacent churchyard A. T. 
Stewart's body was stolen, by night. Sti Thomas', Fifth avenue and Fifty-third 
street, is perhaps the most fashionable of the uptown churches. The Church of 
Transfiguration in Twenty-ninth street, east of Fifth avenue, is known as ' ' The little 
Church 'round the Corner " because of a suggestion made by a pastor on Fifth avenue, 
who declined to perform the burial service over the body of the actor, George Holland. 
It is the most popular church in the city among members of the theatrical profession. 

Presbyterian.— First Church, founded 1716, Fifth avenue, between Eleventh 
and Twelfth streets. Madison Square (Dr. Parkhurst), Madison avenue, near 
Twenty-third street. Church of the Covenant, at Thirty-fourth street and Park 
avenue, is a Lombardo-Gothic temple. Fifth Avenue Church, at 708 Fifth avenue, 
corner of West Fifty-first street, is an enormous Gothic stiucture, with a spire of great 
height. It cost #750,000. Dr. John Hall, the celebrated English divine, is the pastor. 

Methodist.— John Street Church is the cradle of American Methodism, which 
began in 1766, when Philip Embury preached to four persons. The clock was pre- 
sented by John Wesley, and the society has other precious relics of the early days. 
St. Paul's, at Fourth avenue and Twenty-second street, is a handsome white-stone 
structure, in Romanesque architecture, with a spire 210 feet high. St. Andrew's 
on Seventy-sixth street, near Tenth avenue, is considered the finest church of the 
denomination in the city. 

Baptist.— Fifth Avenue Church is at the' corner of West Forty-sixth street. 
Madison Avenue Church is at the corner of East Thirty-first street. Epiphany is 
at Madison avenue and Sixty-fourth street. Calvary Church on West Fifty-seventh 
street. First Baptist Church, at Broome and Elizabeth streets, is a Gothic build- 
ing of rough stone. 





i Kl.M 1 V L,M U KIJH. 



Churches 29 

Congregationalists — Tabernacle at Sixth avenue and Thirty-fourth street, is a 
handsome Gothic temple, with elaborately carved pulpit and organ-screen. On lower 
Madison avenue there are two Congregational churches, at East Forty-fifth and East 
Forty-seventh streets. 

Universalists.— Church of the Divine Paternity (Dr. Eaton), at Fifth avenue and 
Forty-fifth street, was for many years ministered to by Dr. E. H. Chapin. It has 
a tower 1S5 feet high. Church of the Eternal Hope, 142 West Eighty-first street. Rev. 
E. C. BoUes, pastor. 

Unitarians. —All Souls' Church, at Fourth avenue and East Twentieth street, is a 
quaint red-and-white Byzantine edifice, in the style of the mediaeval Italian churches. 
in which the late Dr. Bellows preached for many years. Church of the Messiah, 
at Park avenue and East Thirty-fourth street, on Murray Hill, is a spacious and hand- 
some structure, with a beautiful portal. Rev. Robert Collyer and Rev. Minot Savage, 
pastors. 

Reformed Dutch.— Collegiate Middle Reformed Church, at Fourth street and 
Lafayette place, built in 1839, has a handsome marble pulpit and a fine interior. 
Other Reformed churches are on Fifth avenue, at Twenty-first, Twenty-ninth and 
Forty-eighth streets. The latter is a rich and florid Gothic building of brown stone, 
with colored windows, high gables, and many flying buttresses. 

Hebrew.— Temple Emanu-El, at Fifth avenue and West Forty-third street, is a 
picturesque pile of Oriental architecture, erected at a cost of $650,000, and rich in 
detail-work, carvings and color. The interior is dazzling in its brilliancy.' 

Roman Catholic. — St. Patrick's Cathedral is the greatest and most magnificent 
church in the United States. It was projected in 1S50 by Archbishop Hughes and the 
plans were drawn by James Renwick. It has cost over ,"$2,000,000. It is in thirteenth- 
century decorated Gothic, like the cathedrals of Amiens, Cologne, York and Exeter ; 
and^the material is fine white marble. It is a Latin cross, 306 feet long, and 120 feet 
wide (140 at transepts), and loS feet high, with a noble clerestory upheld on long lines 
of clustered marble columns, and carrying a lofty and richly ornamented ceiling. On 
each side of the front gable (which is 156 feet high, or taller than most of the steeples 
of America), the carved and pinnacled spires reach the great height of 328 feet, mak- 
ing a huge marble mountain, iiplifted on the highest point of Fifth avenue, truly a 
landmark for leagues. The seventy windows (thirty-seven of which are memorial) are 
of rich stained glass, and were made at Chartres, France, at a cost of $100,000. That 
in the south transept shows forth the life of St. Patrick ; that in the north, the life of 
the Blessed Virgin. The main altar is forty feet high, of Italian marble, inlaid with 
gems, and bas-reliefs of the Passion ; and on one side is the great Gothic throne of 
the archbishop. The bells weigh fifteen tons. Other churches are All Saints', Madi- 
son avenue, comer One Hundred and Twenty-ninth street ; St. Francis Xavier, 36 West 
Sixteenth street ; St. Stephen's, 149 East Twenty-eighth street; also Paulists, Sixth 
avenue and Fifty-ninth street. 

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

New York is famous for the number and excellence of its charities. The central 
point of the chief private organizations is the United Charities Building, Fourth 
avenue and Twenty-second street, a magnificent seven-story fire-proof edifice, erected 
in 1891-93, at a cost of $700,000. Here is the headquarters of the Charity Organization 
Society, which carefully districts the city, to secure concurrent action ; the Association 
for Improving the Condition of the Poor, now in its fiftieth year of varied usefulness ; 
the Children's Aid Society, which has several great buildings, and cares for 35,000 
children yearly ; and the New York City Mission and Tract Society, maintaining sixty 



3° The Gate to the Sea 

missionaries in the city below Fourteenth street. The New York Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Children was the first of its kind in the world, and has a 
substantial stone edifice adjoining the United Charities Building. The American 
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was first organized in iS66 in New 
York, where its headquarters remain. It has prosecuted 17,000 cruel men and relieved 
over 100,000 animals from suffering. 

The local hospitals have no superiors in the world, and are celebrated for complete 
appointments, excellent management, and skillful medical service. Besides its fift}- 
infirmaries the city has seventy hospitals, treating yearly 100,000 patients, three- fourths 
of them without pay, and losing only eight per cent, by death. Bellevue Hospital, 
foot of East Twenty-sixth street, with its eight hundred beds, is one of the largest in 
existence, and receives gratuitously the sick poor. The New York Hospital, West 
Fifteenth street, near Fifth avenue, projected in 1770, is an admirably equipped pro- 
prietary institution, which has received upwards of 700,000 patients. The Roosevelt 
Hospital, Fifty-ninth street and Ninth avenue, has been called the most perfect of 
medical charities. The Presbyterian Hospital, Madison avenue and Seventieth street, 
dating from 1S72, receives nearly 4,000 patients yearly. St. Luke's Hospital, Fifth 
avenue and Fifty-fourth street, planned by Episcopalians in 1S46, and opened in 1S54, 
accommodates 2,000 yearly. Beside these great institutions the city has well-supported 
hospitals for women, children, maternity cases, and convalescents ; for homoeopathic 
treatment ; for Catholics, Italians, Germans, Jews, and Frenchmen ; and for sufferers 
from consumption, ruptures, skin diseases, and affections of the eyes, ears, or throat. 

The institutions under control of the Department of Charities and Corrections are 
on Blackwell's, Ward's and Randall's Islands. The Chapin Home for the Aged, Sixty- 
sixth street and Lexington avenue, is a fine institution and well worth a visit. 

The University Settlement, Five Points House of Industry, Five Points Mission, 
Florence Mission and the numerous Kindergartens are institutions which are doing 
a great amount of good in the poorer sections of the city. 

The scope of this book does not permit of detailed account of the numerous 
charities of Greater New York. If special information is desired it can be had at the 
United Charities Building. 




ilf* ivli,*>.-?i^l_« 



Copyright, lb95, by Harptr i 
CYCLE PATH, OCEAN PARKWAY. 



The Gate to the Sea 



3» 




Staats Zeitung. Bridge Approach. World. Sun. Tribune. Times. 

PARK ROW, EAST SIDE OF CITY HALL PARK. PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE. 
View looking west from the Post Office. 



32 



The Gate to the Sea 




MANHATTAN CLUB. 
Fifth Avenue, northwest corner of Thirty-fourth Street. Formerly residence of A. T. Stewart. 



CLUBS. 



The social clubs of New York are many and prmcipal ones require introduction 
by a member to secure admission. The best known is probably the Union League 
Club, Fifth avenue and Thirty-ninth street. It was built in 1879-80, at a cost of 
$400,000, with sumptuous halls, dining-room, art gallery, library, billiard-room, cafe, 
etc., decorated by Louis Tiffany, John Lafarge, and Franklin Smith. The club has 
1,500 members. The entrance fee is S300, and the annual dues 175. Union Club is a 
prominent social organization at Fifth avenue and Twenty-first street. Authors" Club 
is the haunt of the leading men of letters in the great metropolis. Among its members 
are Howells, Curtis, Eggleston, Stedman, Stoddard, Matthews, Gilder, Godwin, Hay,, 
and James. New York Athletic Club, founded in 1868, is the leading society of the 
kind in America. It has a four-story building at Sixth avenue and Fifty-fifth street. 
Century Club is one of the oldest and strongest clubs in the city. It has an artistic 
and literary element. Lambs' Club, 120 Broadway, for actors. Lotos Club, 556 Fifth 
avenue, composed of writers, artists and professional men. Manhattan Club, Fifth 
avenue and Thirty-fourth street (house of A. T. Stewart), a political social club rep- 
resenting the Democratic party. Metropolitan Club, Fifth avenue and Sixtieth street, 
composed of men of great wealth and commonly called the Millionaires' Club. The 
Players' Club, 16 Gramercy Park, the gift of the late Edwin Booth, an exclusive club 
of actors and professional men. The St. Nicholas Club, Fifth avenue and Thirty- 
seventh street, is confined to descendants of old New York families. 

There are many clubs composed of members of Greek letter college fraternities 
and there are many social and literary organizations which have no club houses, but 
which meet at stated periods at some hotel or public hall. Conspicuous among these 
are the Twilight Club, the Nineteenth Century, the Universalist Club, the Methodist 
Social Union, and Associations from nearly every religious denomination. 



34 The Gale to the Sea 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS, EXCHANGES, ETC. 

In planning trips about New York, considerable time should be allowed to see 
Broadway and Wall street, to visit the public offices in the lower part of the city, some 
of the recently constructed office buildings ("sky-scrapers "), the principal exchanges, 
courts, banks, etc. A few of the notable places that should be visited, if possible, are: 

Assay Office on Wall street, just east of Nassau, is the oldest building on the 
street, having been built for the United States Branch Bank in 1S23, Here gold and 
silver are brought in the crude state, and assayed, refined, and cast into bars, to be 
made into coin elsewhere. As high as $100,000,000 in bullion is sometimes assayed 
here in a year. Visitors are admitted between 10 A. M. and 2 P, M., and the various 
processes of assaying are shown to them. 

Custom House, on Wall street, at the corner of William street, is a large and 
sombre pile of Qi:incy granite. The portico is supported by eighteen granite columns, 
thirty-eight feet high and four and one-half feet in diameter, cut in one piece. The 
rotunda is a beautiful and lofty round hall, surrounded by pilasters of variegated 
marble. The Custom House cost $i,Soo,ooo, 

Sub=Treasury, at the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, a noble Doric building 
of white granite, covers the spot where Washington w^as inaugurated Pre,sident, Here 
the City Hall was built, in 1700, with the cage, whipping-post, pillorj^ and stocks in 
front. The first United States Congress under the Constitution met here, when it was 
named Federal Hall; and for some years it was the State Capitol. The present 
building was erected and long used for the Custom House. On ills roof four pieces of 
light artillery are kept, and riflemen guard the premises at night. It contains vaults 
for the storage of gold and silver coin, notes, etc. On the granite steps in front stands 
a colossal bronze statue of Washington, by J. Q. A. Ward. The pedestal contains the 
stone on which Washington stood w^hen he took the oath of office in April, 1789. 

Ludlow Street Jail, near Essex Market and Grand street, is a massive brick 
structure for debtors. United States prisoners and derelict militia men. Among its 
guests have been Tweed, Connolly, Fish, Ward and other notorious politicians and 
financiers of New York, 

Tombs, the popular name given to the city pi'ison, occupies the block bounded 
by Centre, Elm, Leonard and Franklin streets, and is a large and gloomy granite 
building in Eg^'ptian stAde, Visitors are admitted on application at the office 
of the Commissioners of Charities and Corrections, corner of Third avenue and 
Eleventh street. Sometimes it lodges more than five hundred prisoners. The build- 
ing dates from 1S3S, and holds prisoners awaiting trial, and convicts waiting to be 
put to death, or sent to the State prison. The Tombs Police Court is held here. 

Stock Exchange is on Broad street, near Wall street. The stranger should not 
fail to visit the gallery of the Exchange between the hours of ten and three. The 
manner in which the brokers transact business is most amusing and extraordinary, and, 
to the uninitiated, appears to consist of incoherent shouting and violent gesticulation, 
to which no one seems to paj' the least attention. When the market is active, the scene 
is as though pandemomium had broken loose. A seat in the Exchange now costs 
twenty-five to thirty-six thousand dollars. The building is of white marble, and the 
great hall is handsomely frescoed. The visitors' galler}' is entered from Wall street. 

Produce Exchange is, perhaps, the most imposing and impressive building in 
New York. It is at the foot of Broadway, fronts on Bowling Green, and is in rich 
Italian Renaissance architecture, of brick, with a copious use of terra cotta, in 
-medaUions, the arms and names of the States, and projecting galley prows. Above 
its uppermost long line of round arches rises an immenss campanile, covering forty by 



The Gah- to the Sea 



35 




36 The Gate to the Sea. 

seventy feet, and two hundred and twenty-five feet high, richly decorated, and nobly 
dominating lower New York and the Bay. The building is three hundred and seven 
by one hundred and fifty feet in area, and one hundred and sixteen feet high ; and the 
main hall is a noble one, two hundred and twenty by one hundred and forty-four 
feet, and sixty feet high. From the visitors' gallerj^ you may look down on the three 
thousand members of the Exchange (organized in 1861, and the largest in the world), 
and see and hear their fierce bargaining. The building rests on 15. +37 piles made of 
sturdy Maine and Nova Scotia trees. It was planned by George B. Post, and erected 
between 1881 and 1884. It is entirely fireproof. There are nine passenger elevators. 
The money-vault contains 1,300 safes, and is defended by seven alternate layers of iron 
and steel. The Exchange cost $3,179,000. 

Other Exchanges. riercantile Exchange has a new brick and granite 
building at Hudson and Harrison streets, with a tall tower. There are eight hundred 
members, dealing in butter, cheese, ^ZZ^^ and groceries. Cotton Exchange has a 
new and imposing seven-story building of yellow brick on Hanover Square, south of 
Wall street. It cost f 1.000,000. Coal and Iron Exchange is a vast and massive 
building at the corner of Cortlandt and New Church streets, the headquarters for 
dealings in these great commodities. Consolidated Petroleum Exchange and 
Stock Board, at 62 Broadway, is oftentimes the scene of most exciting commei-cial 
hostiUties. It has a membership of three thousand. American Horse Exchange is 
at Broadway and Fiftieth street. New York Clearing House, Cedar street, between 
Broadway and Nassau street, is a handsome building surmounted by a dome. 

The thickly settled portions of the city are always full of interest to the visitor. 
Each settlement is a foreign city in itself. Baxter Street is the center of the Hebrew 
colony and is famous for its old clothes shops and the "pulling in" method of getting 
trade. Five Points was at one time the worst place in New York. It is now a place 
of missions and schools, flulberry Bend is known as Little Italy and is hardly a safe 
place to go at night. Mott Street is the famous Chinese quarter and a more inter- 
esting spot cannot be found. In this neighborhood are about 7,000 Chinamen. The 
stores are large, well kept and prosperous ; the Joss house is at No. 16 and is worth a 
visit. In some of the restaurants visitors are admitted and well treated. East Broad- 
way, once a fashionable street, is now the center of the Russian and Polish quarter. 
The people, the signs on the shops— everything is a reminder of a foreign city. The 
Bowery will always remain one of the attractions of New York, though of late years 
it has become so respectable that it does not ofter the facihties for a " slumming " tour 
that it once did. The chief exhibits are its theatres, dime museums and beer gardens. 

THE SHOPPING DISTRICT. 

Among the great stores of the city should be seen : Arnold & Constable, Broad- 
way, corner of Nineteenth street ; Lord & Taylor, 895 Broadway ; Hilton, Hughes & 
Co. (formerly A. T. Stewart), Broadway, corner of Tenth street ; Macy, corner of 
Fourteenth street and Sixth avenue; McCreery, 801 Broadway; Daniell, 761 Broad- 
way; O'Neill, 321 Sixth avenue; Ridley, 301 Grand street. 

The leading book stores are: Charles Scribner's Sons, 743 Broadway; G. P. 
Putnam's Sons, 27 West Twenty-third street; Brentano, 124 Fifth avenue; Dodd, 
Mead & Co., 5 East Nineteenth street; Funk & Wagnalls, 30 Lafayette place; Rand, 
McNally &- Co., 323 Broadway; Leggatt (second-hand books). Chambers street, near 
Broadway. 

The Grand Central Station, the only trunk line depot in the city, is an enor- 
mous and commodious edifice, which, although built a quarter of a century ago, is 
yet one of the monumental evidences of the enterprise of the Vanderbilts. It 
over-arches nineteen tracks, over which daily depart 245 trains of Soo cars. 



38 



The Gate to the Sea 




ems. 



Broadway and Eleventh Street 



NEW YORK, 
OPPOSITE GRACE CHURCH. 



EuROREAN Plan.. 



The great popularit}' the ST. DENIS has acquired can readily be 

traced to its unique location, its home-like atmosphere, the 

peculiar excellence of its cuisine and service, and 

its very moderate prices. 

WILLIAM TAYLOR & SON. 



Andersori, Teasdall & Co. 



p4 Hudson Street, 



NEW YORK. 



Families, Weddings, Receptions and 
Parties served at short notice. 




v^ NoveltiesirjFaijcyBaskek S$ '••| 

And Bonboonieres Suitable for Preiients. 

i 865 Broadway bet 17*418*5^) ^„„ j 

v*J 150 Broadway cor Libcrry5ti^^*i-!r ..' 

k:;.2l WesM2^5t-.near5?AvePO«'\3,(iriil ^ 



*•••••••«•••»• 



Ceindies carefully pacKedand shipped 
To all parts oj- rbe Country by Mail or Express 



A specialt}^ made of Catering for Excur- 
sions, Lodges and Secret 
Organizations. 

Reference, Royal Arcanum. 




Cocoa and Chorolates 

are unexcelled 
for Purity of 

Materialand^ Deliciousness of Flavor. 

Their Pink Wrapper Vanilla Chocolate is a 

favorite for Eating and Drinking. Crocera 

everywhere. 





PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



The theatres of New York are among the finest in the world. For list of attrac- 
tions see daily papers. Among the more prominent are : 

Academy of Music, Fourteenth street and Irving place; Abbey's, Broadway and 
Thirty-eighth street ; American, Eighth avenue and Fortj-second street ; Casino, 
with roof garden, Broadway and Thirty-ninth street ; Daly's, at Broadway and 
Thirty-first street ; Empire, Broadway and Fortieth street ; Fifth Avenue Theatre, 
corner of Broadway and Twenty-eighth street ; Fourteenth Street Theatre, on Four- 
teenth street, near Sixth avenue ; Garrick, Thirty-fifth street, near Sixth avenue ; 
Garden, Madison avenue and Twenty-seventh street; Herald Square Theatre, at 
Broadway and Thirty-fifth street ; Lyceum Theatre, Fourth avenue, near Twenty- 
third street (next to the Academy of Design) ; Madison Square Garden, at Fourth 
and Madison avenues, and Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets. Tony Pastor's 
Theatre, on East Fourteenth street. Palmer's, Broadway and Thirtieth street. Broad- 
way Theatre, at Broadway and Forty-first street. The Star, Broadway and Thirteenth 
street. Hoyt's, Twenty-fourth street, near Broadway. Hammerstein's Olympia 
Theatre and Music Hall, Broadway, between Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth streets. 

Carnegie Husic Hall, Seventh avenue and Fifty-seventh street, is first among 
the places devoted to music. It cost •'f!2,ouo,ooo and will seat 3,000 persons. '1 he 
principal musical societies ai^e the Symphony Society, Philharmonic Society, Oratorio 
Society; Liederkranz, Fifty-eighth street, near Park avenue, 1,600 members; and the 
Arion, Park avenue and Fifty -ninth street, Soo members. 

Metropolitan Opera House is one of the largest theatres in the world, and has 
122 boxes (each with a parlor attached), and seats for 6,000 persons. 

Eden Musee, on West Twenty-third street, near Fifth avenue, is an attractive 
new building, containing wax portrait figures of many famous men and women, in 
life size, historical groups, a subterranean chamber of horrors, and other interesting 
curiosities. Entrance fee is fifty cents, and the collection is one of the best and largest 
of the kind in the world, rivaling the famous London wax works of Madame Tussaud. 



40 Along tlic Water Front 



ALONG THE WATER FRONT. 

The water front of New York will prove to njost strangers one of the most inter- 
esting sights of the cit}'. A stroll on some of the principal docks will repa}' for any 
expenditure of time or labor that can be given. Some of the ocean steamers should 
be seen and, where it is possible, a visit made to them on sailing days. Select a steamer 
of the American, White Star, Cunard or French lines, on day of sailing (see daily 
papers), and go on board, paj-ing, of course, special attention when the warning bell 
is rung. To watch one of these magnificent steamers start on her voyage, and to stand 
with the multitude of people on the dock, as she pulls out, is a rare experience. Ne.xt to the 
ocean steamers, some of the larger of the fleet of Sound and river boatg are well worth a 
visit. By no means leave the river front after seeing the passenger boats. The load- 
ing and unloading of a large merchant vessel is full}' as profitable, if not as exciting 
and picturesque. The North River water front (or Hudson River) is about thirteen 
miles, but the portion of greatest interest is between the Battery and Twentj'-third 
street. In the vicinity of West Washington Market is the greatest activity. The 
market itself is one of the great sights of the city. The Belt line of horse cars runs up 
as far as Fifty-ninth street. The large ocean steamers and most of the Sound and 
river boats are to be seen between Canal and Cortlandt streets, though a few of the 
European lines have their docks at Jersey City and Hoboken. The East River, from 
the Battery to the Sound, is in reality a tidal strait connecting New York Bay with 
Long Island Sound. Beginning at the South Ferry, walk up South street, on land 
that has been made by fiUing in and extending the docks further into the river, and 
many a picturesque scene will present itself. Just north of Whitehall street is Coenties 
Slip, where fruit vessels abound in the summer and canal boats are tied up through the 
winter months ; continuing, and the visitor will pass old-fashioned buildings used as 
offices of shipping masters and vessel owners, the makers of nautical instruments, the 
dealers in seamen's apparel, "old clothes" stores and junk shops, sailors' boarding- 
houses and saloons. Across the street comes the bowsprit of many a great ship. 
Here are the great ferries to Brooklyn, at Wall, Fulton, Roosevelt and Catharine streets, 
and the wharves whence the Clyde line and other steamers to Southern ports 
sail ; then there is the great Fulton Market, the largest fish market in America : 
and in addition there comes to the wide-awake observer many a glimpse of the water 
of the sailor's life, and of the commercial activity of the great metropolis. Continuing 
up the East River, by the Sound steamers or by any of the numerous excursion boats, 
there will be seen the Navy Yard, in Brooklyn, the great sugar refineries, and immense 
oil tanks, and large ship yards in Greenpoint; Bellevue Hospital, Blackwell's Island, 
with its prisons and asylums ; through the famous Hell Gate and out into Long Island 
Sotind. 

Returning to the Battery, the sight-seeker can plan a trip down the Bay. The 
shortest and least expensive is to go by ferryboat to Staten Island. This trip will 
give one a very good idea of New York Harbor. If more time can be had, go bv 
one of the iron steamboats1;o Coney Island, passing through the Narrows, gaining a fine 
view of Fort Hamilton and Fort Wadsworth and a little touch of the ocean beyond. 
Another trip is to Sandy Hook with a better view of the old Atlantic, or to Rockaway 
Beach, the famous resort. And still another interesting sail is to take one of the ex- 
cursion boats that go around Staten Island. 

No visit to New York is complete without a trip to Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty, 
which stands on Bedloe's Island, lif miles southwest of the Battery. The statue cost 
over Ssoo.ooo,' was given to this country by the French, and was made by the P^rench 



The Gate to the Sea 



41 




. ^ 



42 The Gate to the Sea 



BUCHTEL COLLEGE 

Akron. Ohio. 




Three Collegiate Courses ; three Preparatory Courses ; a Normal 
Course. Studies elective after the first term of Sophomore Year. 

Students not studying for a degree may pursue special studies. 
Art and Music taught. Send for Catalogue to 

C. R. OLIN, Secretary. 



Cufts CoUeoe. 



Rev. ELMER H. CAPEN, D.D., PRESIDENT. 

Tufts College comprises the College of Letters, the Medical School, and the 
Divinity School, with a board of instruction of eighty members. 



FEATURES OF THE COLLEGE OF LETTERS ARE: 

1. Twenty-two departments, offering one hundred and fifty-nine subjects of study. 

2. The granting of the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Philosophy 

according to the attainment of the individual student, irrespective of time. 

3. The opportunity, in the courses leading to these degrees, for electing a preferred 

department of stud}', under conditions which ensure both freedom and 
guidance. 

4. Technical courses of high grade in electrical, mechanical, and civil engineering. 

5. Four new courses leading to the degi'ee of Bachelor of Science, with entrance 

requirements adapted to the curriculum of the standard English high school. 

For furtJier information^ and for the general catalogice, address 

Professor H. a. DEARBORN, Registrar, 
TuFrs College, M.^ss. 



Stati'ii Island 4j 

sculptor, Auguste Bartholdi. The pedestal, which cost -f 250,000 and was raised largely 
through the efforts of the New York World, was designed by Richard M. Hunt. The 
statue is iioi feet to the top of the head and 151 to the apex of the torch flame. From 
the balconies on each side of the base and from the statue itself magnificent views can 
be had of New York harbor. The island itself contains many interesting objects. The 
torch is lighted at night by a cluster of electric lamps. A steamboat leaves the Battery 
for the statue every even hour between S A. M. and 4 P. M. Round trip 25 cents. 
No charge for seeing the statue. 

Excursions to Glen Island, up the Sound, and to the many points up the Hudson 
River are all full of interest, made on safe boats, and at a reasonable price. Avoid 
all cheap excursions gotten up by picnic parties or clam chowder associations. The^ 
are a delusion and a snare. 



STATEN ISLAND. 



Picturesque Staten Island separates Upper New York Bay from the Lower Bay. 
On the west, the island is separated from New Jersey by the historic Kill von KuU. 
On the east are the Narrows, nature's gateway to the metropolis. The island contains 
seventy-one square miles, and the 6c,ooo population have barely fringed its shores and 
the wooded slopes. Hence the island has been aptly termed " the sleeping beauty of 
New York harbor." Electricity is fast opening its interior heights, and the swarming 
population of the great cities are finding here a delightful and accessible home spot. 

From New York the island is reached by a charming sail of five miles, with fine 
views of Brooklyn Bridge, Governor's Island, Castle William, Ellis Island (where the 
emigrants land), the Statue of Liberty, Robbins Reef Light, etc., etc., with Green- 
wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, and the Narrows in the distance. Off Tompkinsville sev- 
eral United States men-of-war are sometimes at anchor, their white sides in striking 
contrast with their dread functions of war. 

At New Dorp will be found the old Vanderbilt Homestead and the costly 
nausoleum of Commodore Vanderbilt. which are well worth a journey to see. 

The most interesting and notable thing on the north shore of the island is 
Sailors' Snug Harbor, an asylum for aged and infirm seamen, half a mile beyond 
New Brighton. This home was started at the beginning of this century by Capt. 
Richard Randall, then a prominent member of the Marine Society of New York. The 
bequest was a farm which is now in the center of New York and is valued at 
$18,000,000, with an income sufficient to care for 1,000 beneficiaries. Its stately and 
complete buildings occupy a pai'k and attached farming lands amounting together tO' 
1S5 acres. About 750 pensioners are at present on the rolls, all of whom have seen a 
certain amount of actual service as sailormen. The institution is open to visitors at 
all suitable hours, and is well worth inspection. 

National Prohibition Park is reached in seven minutes from Port Richmond by 
elegant electric cars. From Jersey City, the route is by trolley to Bergen Point, thence 
by a short ferry to Port Richmond. The Park is the Mecca to which many thousands 
of hearts throughout the land are turning. In its wonderful success it is the practical 
demonstration of an economic truth. More than this, it is the visible embodiment of 
a great principle. It is the delightful home of peace and rest for hundreds of fortunate 
people. Here is the finest summer auditorium, save one, in the countr}^ lighted by 
electricity and seating nearly 4,000 persons. From 200,000 to 300,000 people visit the 
Park annually to hear speakers and singers of national and international reputation. 
Above all is the attraction of its absolute freedom from saloons and the liquor curse. 
There is no boisterous and rowdy element. The beautiful villas and cottages on 



44 



The Gate to the Sea 




^ a 



" The N'cn'x Yard 45 

wooded hill-tops and slopes, or nestling in the lower plateaus, have an outlook of 
peace and charm to the far-away Orange Mountains in New Jersey, while the pure 
and invigorating air, the artesian w-ater. the sea breezes and the general peace and 
quiet (so near to the bustling city), make up conditions of appetite, digestion, nutri- 
tion, and sound, healthy sleep which refresh and restore the nervous system. 

A visit to National Prohibition Park will amply repay you. The great meetings 
are in full progress from June to October. 

The South .Side of the island has stations for Quarantine (Stapleton), Fort 
Wadsworth (one and a half miles from the railroad), and South Beach, a summer 
beach resort (also reached by a steamboat line from the Battery), which is a small 
imitation of Coney Island. Fort Wadsworth is the most interesting fortification about 
New York. It stands at the entrance of the harbor and guards one side of "The 
Narrows " while Fort Hamilton protects the opposite side. 

THE NAVY YARD. 

The Navy Yard, reached by the Brooklyn Bridge and Flushing avenue cars, is a 
United States reservation, comprising \\2\ acres, situated on a little bay in the East 
river, known as Wallabout channel, the conformation of the shore giving it a water 
front of nearly three miles, with a depth of water and wharfage facilities capable 
of accommodating the entire United States navy. There are usually one or more 
war ships at the yard, and a visit to it is certain to be of great interest. The yard is 
open daily, except Sundays and holidays, from eight o'clock in the morning to five o'clock 
in the afternoon, when anyone may enter and inspect the place, a pass being given to 
each visitor at the gate by the keeper in charge. It should be clearly understood that 
this pass entitles the holder to walk about the yard and see the ships at the docks, but 
not to enter the buildings, except the commandant's office, nor to board any vessel 
in commission, nor to cross to the Cob dock. For this, special passes are required, 
and they are only issued by the Captain of the Yard, in the Lyceum Building. The 
western half of the yard, where the principal offices, shops, storehouses and foundries 
are located, is laid off in well paved streets in right angles to each other. All that 
is left of what was once the finest naval museum in the country is to be found in 
Trophy Park, a triangular green adjoining the Lyceum. In the center is a mar- 
ble column, commemorating twelve American seamen who fell at the capture of the 
barrier forts, on Canton River, China, in 1S56. It was erected by their shipmates on 
the San Jacinto, Portsmouth and Levant. About the monument are guns captured 
from the British frigate Macedonian, and the iron prow of the Confederate ram Missis- 
sippi. In 1S90 the Naval Museum, containing priceless relics and trophies, was sent to 
the Naval Academj^ at Annapolis. A small octagonal building west of Trophy Park 
is the office of the naval surgeon and beyond that is a building for provisions and 
clothing. Here is cut out by machinery all the clothing used in the navy, except that 
worn by the officers, though the garments are sent away to be finished. Workshops 
and foundries are located on several avenues, and are the scenes of great activity 
when vessels are being constructed. 

The spacious marine barracks and drill yard are entered from the gate on Flush- 
ing avenue, and the only department outside the inclosure is the Naval Hospital on 
Flushing avenue, separated from the yard by Wallabout Market, destined to become 
one of largest markets in the world. In the hospital inclosure is the Naval Cemetery. 
Two forty-ton cranes, traveling on an eighteen-foot railway around the dry docks, are 
designed for lifting armor plates weighing from twenty to forty tons, stepping steel 
masts, hoisting machinery and boilers and lowering them into place. Moored to the Cob 
dock is the receiving ship Vermont, with a regular ci'ew and detail of officers, who live 



46 



The Gate to the Sea 




NEW YORK A.\ii BKUUKLYN BKll>i,t. 



The firookl\)i 'Bridge. 47 

on board. All enlistments are made on board, both for seamen, and now that the Min- 
nesota, which was formerly anchored in the North River, has been put out of service, 
for apprentices also. Special passes are required by visitors to the Cob dock. Tues- 
days and Saturdays are the regular visiting days. The cruiser Cincinnati was launched 
here on November 10, 1S92. The Maine, a second class battleship, was put in commis- 
sion at the yard on September 17, 1895. She is the second battleship to be added to 
our new steel navy and with the exception of her engines and armor plate, both of 
which, however, were put in position here, she was built entirely by the workmen 
employed at the yard. Two coast defense monitors, the Puritan and Terror, are now 
being constructed at the yard. A new dry dock that will be the largest in the world 
will soon be completed. 

THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE. 

If the stranger to New York has time to get but one picture of the great city let 
that one be the suspension bridge across the East River. It is one of the chief 
engineering wonders of the age. Its strength, grace, height and length of span make 
it singular among bridges. Its terminus in New York is opposite City Hall Park, and 
in Brooklyn in the Plaza at Fulton and Sands streets. The foot walk is free and the 
fare on the bridge cars is three cents ; two tickets for five cents. There are two drives 
for vehicles and a double track cable railroad. The walk across is delightful. There 
are abundant seats along the promenade and about the towers where one maj' rest and 
enjoy the view. The bridge was about thirteen years in building, and the original 
cost was fis, 000,000, New York paying one-third and Brooklyn two-thirds. John A. 
Roebling was the engineer in charge until his death, when he was succeeded by his 
son, Washington Roebling. About 130,000 people a day cross the bridge. The fol- 
lowing statistics will be of interest : 

Construction begun January 2, 1S70. 

Bridge opened to the public May 24, 1883. 

Railroad opened September 24, 18S3. 

Size of New York caisson, 172x102 feet. 

Size of Brooklyn caisson, 168x102 feet. 

New York tower contains 46,945 cubic yards masonry. 

Brooklyn tower contains 38,214 cubic yards masonry. 

Depth of tower foundation below high water, Brooklyn, 45 feet. 

Depth of tower foundation below high water. New York, 78 feet. 

Size of towers, high water line, 140x59 feet. 

Size of towel's at roof course, 136x53 feet. 

Height of towers above high water, 278 feet. 

Clear height of Bridge, in centre of river span above high water, at 90 degrees F., 
135 feet. 

Height of floors at towers above high water, 119 feet 3 inches. 

Grade of roadway, 3:j feet in 100 feet. 

Height of towers above roadway,- 159 feet. 

Weight of each anchor plate, 23 tons. 

Diameter of each cable, 15^ inches. 

First wire was run out May 29, 1877. 

Length of each single wire, 3,578 feet 6 inches. 

Ultimate strength of each cable, 12,200 tons. 

Weight of wire, 12 feet per pound. 

Each cable contains 5,296 parallel (not twisted) galvanized, steel, oil-coated wires, 
closely wrapped to a solid cylinder, 15^ inches in diameter. 



48 



The -Gate to the Sea 



Permanent weight suspended from cables, 14,680 tons. 

Width of Bridge, 85 feet. 

Length of river span, 1,595 feet 6 inches. 

Length of each land span, 930 feet. 

Length of Brooklyn approach, 971 feet. 

Length of New York approach, 1,562 feet 6 inches. 

Total length of carriageway, 5,989 feet. 

Total length, with extensions, 6,537 feet. 

Speed of trains, 10 miles an hour. 

There have been many "cranks" who sought notoriety by jumping from the 
Bridge. Many of the alleged "jumps" were never made. 

The new East River Bridge, between New York, near Grand street, and Broad- 
way, Brooklj'n, is now being erected. Mr. Leffert L. Buck is the engineer in charge. 




PROMENADE, NEW YORK AND PKOOKLYN BRIDGE. 



OTHER BRIDGES. 



The Washington Bridge, completed across the Harlem River valley in 1889, cost 
$2,700,000, and has two grand central arches of the unprecedented span of 510 feet 
each. Several other bridges are notable for their grand scale of achievement. 

High Bridge spans the Harlem River, and serves to carry the old Croton aqueduct' 
across the valley. It is a huge pile of masonry, 1,460 feet long, supported on thirteen 
solid granite piers. 

The projected North River Bridge is designed to cost over #40,000,000, and have 
a length of 5,500 feet, from Seventieth street to Weehawken, with a height of 150 feet 
above the river. The main towers are to be 120x250 feet in area at their bases, and of 
the vast height of 500 feet. The center span is to be 2,000 feet. 

Work has already been begun on the East River Bridge that will connect Long 
Island and New York, crossing Blackwell's Island. 




BROOKLYN. 



The City of Brooklyn, reached from New York by the Bridge or by any of the 
East River ferries, occupies the entire County of Kings, which forms the extreme 
western end of Long Island. Its site is a rough oblong parallelogram, much indented 
by the ocean, the East River and Gravesend Bay, which form three of its boundaries. 
It is the fourth city in the United States in point of population, having nearly 
1,000,000 inhabitants. 

Henry Hudson landed in Brooklyn on the Coney Island shore in the year 1609. 
He found the place was a mint, the Indians devoting much of their time to the manu- 
facture of wampum, which was their money. In 1636 the Indians sold the first land 
within the present limits of the city of Brooklyn. This was some 630 acres at Gow- 
anus, and in the following year, 1637, the Indians made another important sale of 335 
acres in Wallabout Bay. The settlement of 1636 was named Breukelen, after a town 
of the same name in Holland. 

The battle of Long Island, one of the most dramatic incidents of the Revolution, 
was fought on ground now lying within the city of Brooklyn. A tragedy greater than 
this battle was the fate of the American prisoners on the English warships that an- 
chored in theXcove of the Wallabout. Many thousands died here of starvation and 




GOOD luck: (1896 



Tenth Annual Grove Meeting 

UF THE 

Murray Grove Association, 

will be held on the grounds of the 

POTTER MEMORIAL CHURCH, 

GOOD LUCK, N. J. 

Beginning August Sth and continuing until August 31st. 
The Murray House will be open for receptioa of guests from July 13th. 



For rooms apply to Mrs. E. A. Collins, Sec., Forked River, N. J., or James B. 
Macneal, Pres., Baltimore, Md. Terms, $1.00 per day. 



The Gate to the Sea 



51 



disease. The bones of some of these martyrs, gathered from the marsh, now rest in a 
vault at Washington Park in the heart of the city. 

Brooklyn is known as the "City of Churches," though it is .hardly entitled to that 
distinction, and the more apt designation is the " City of Homes.'" A large number 
of the residents do business in New York, yet Brooklyn is by no means the " Bed 




STATUE OF HENRY WARD BEECHER. 



52 



The Gate to the Sea 



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The Gate to the Sea 



53 



. 'i.^' 




PLYMOUTH CHURCH, BROOKLYN. 



Chamber" of New York, for it has an individuality of its own, is a large manufacturing 
center, and in the matter of civic pride and local self government is in advance of 
the larger city across the river. Because of this fact many of its people are strongly 
opposed to consolidation with New York. Brooklyn is known as one of the greatest 
"trolley" cities in the country, and unfortunately has won a bad reputation because 
of the large number of fatal accidents which have occurred. For five cents a person 
can ride to any part of the city, and for the same amount he can go to Coney Island, a 
distance of ten miles. A fine view of Brooklyn can be obtained from the Brooklyn 
Eagle building, five minutes' walk from the Bridge. The Eagle has one of the finest 
newspaper plants in the country, and it can be seen at all times by visitors to the city. 
Fulton street is the principal business thoroughfare. Several large departmental 
stores are located there. The City Hall is an interesting building and in the park 
facing it is the splendid statue, by Ward, of Henry Ward Beecher, erected by popular 
subscription. On one side of the base is the figure of a slave and on the other two 
children. 

Brooklyn was for long the home of the celebrated preachers Beecher and Talmage. 



54 The Gate to t/ie Sea 



ESTABLISHED 1864. 



WASHBURN Brothers Co. 

Manufacturers of Brick, 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 



pipicl^, iiirrie-, Jjecfl), vf^err)<2.r)l, J^jpctir) Ifipe, -QIc. 

a 

OFFICE AND YARD : 

Foot of Jersey Ave., South Cove, Jersey City, N. J. 

POST OFFICE BOX 30. TELEPHONE CALL, 179. 

S. H. QUINT & SONS, 

^fer)cil, i\ulDJ3ep C>faiT)p ar)cl f affcpr) JJeffep 

= = WORKS = = 
15 South Fourth Street, = = Philadelphia. 

DIE SINKING and ENGRAVING, 
Gold, Silver, Bronze and 

Aluminum MudalB, 

For Celebrations, Anniversaries, 
Conventions, Etc, 

ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF 

GOLDINE BADGES, ETC., 

t5 Soutl^ Yoxiv-tY} Street - pi^iladelpl^ia, Pa. 




71ie Gate to the Sea 



55 



OldPlymouth Church, which from abolition days till the death of Mr. Beecher was 
one of the most noted in all America, still stands, and is attended by a numerous and 
loyal congregation. Re\\ Dr. Talmage, after a series of extraordinary misfortunes 
with fires, has left the city. The ministers of Brooklyn have among them, however, 
men of the highest ability and reputation, such as Rev. R. S. Storrs, of the Congre- 
gational Church of the Pilgrims ; Rev. John W. Chadwick, of the Unitarians ; Rev. 
Lyman Abbott, present pastor of Plymouth ; Rev. J. Coleman Adams, of All Souls 
(Universalisti. Some of the church edifices are of great beauty, such as Holy Trinity 
(Episcopalian); St. Augustine's (Roman Catholic). The grand Cathedral at Garden 
City (Episcopolian) may also be considered one of Brooklyn's churches. This is an 
edifice of much beauty and well worth a visit from tourists. Garden City is about 
twenty miles from Brooklyn on the Long Island Railroad. It was built by the late A. 
T. Stewart, and is one of the finest suburbs about New York. 




CYCLE PATH, OCEAN BOULEVARD. 



Prospect Park (take Flatbush avenue cars) is known to reading people all over the 
world. It is one of the possessions of which the city can well afford to be proud. 
Nature and art have joined to make it beautiful. Prospect Park is not only beautiful, 
but by many it is regarded as unsurpassed by any public grounds in the country. 
It is also very useful. The people get a great deal of fun out of it. One feature is 
a large smooth common on which all the lighter games, which do not cut up the 
ground, are allowed. A large portion of this is devoted to croquet, and aged de- 
votees of that sport play summer and winter. Tennis is also a favorite game for the 
common, and it is here that children come to toss soft rubber balls about and run down 
the hills. Archery has a large field all to itself. There are fine roads for drivers and 
the best of paths for cyclers and horsemen. Another feature of Prospect Park are 
its flower gardens, down by the large and beautiful lake and near the Vale of 
Cashmere. These gardens are well worth a visit at certain seasons of the year. 



56 



The Gate to t/ie Sea 



THE EATON, COLE & BURNHAM CO. 



OWN THE 
PATENTS 
FOR THE 
ORIGINAL 
"GEM" HOSE 
NOZZLE 
AND ARE 




MANUFACTURERS 

OF THE 

GENUINE 

"GEM" 

HOSE NOZZLE. 



'<aummiMiJJJ^ 



None are genuine unless the name "Gem" is stamped on the nozzle. 

Address, 

2^3 Broadway, New York. 



WHEN 

"Good Digestion waits upon Appetite" 

You are ready to 

"Love Your Neighbor as Yourself." 
The best aid to digestion is 

THE NEW TRlUMPIj 
HfE^T CUTTER. 

" It helps you to chew your food." 
Family Size, .$1.75 each. 



Don't Peel 

Potatoes, 



Made by- 



The Peck, 

Stow & Wilcox Co., 

27 Chambers Street, 

New York City. 

Catalogue upon Application. 



Use the 
Henis Press. 



Brooklyn 



57 



The lake affords unlimited boating in summer and frequent periods of fine skating, 
curling, etc., in the winter. At the main entrance to the park is the Soldiers and 
Sailors' Monument, something in which the city has good cause to take pride. It 
already contributes greatl}'^ to the dignity and beauty of the plaza. The statue of J. 
S. T. Stranahan is extraordinary, by reason of the fact that the man it portrays is still 
alive in Brooklyn, where he is honored by general acclaim as the First Citizen. The 
erection of the statue was testimony that within the period of his life citizens of all 
political faiths had arrived at one conclusion concerning the value of the public ser- 
vices rendered by Mr. Stranahan to Brooklyn. More to him than to any other man 
this city owes the Bridge, Prospect Park, the Ferry system and the Atlantic Basin. 
A statue to Abraham Lincoln, and busts to John Howard Payne, Thomas Moore, 
Washington Irving and Beethoven, a tablet marking the site of Battle Pass, and a 
beautiful shaft to the memory of Maryland soldiers who died there, are also in Pros- 
pect Park. The Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument is in Fort Greene Park, facing the 
Plaza. From Prospect Park extends the Ocean Parkway, five and a half miles long, 
direct to the ocean, probably the finest boulevard in this country. On either side of 
the main driveway are Cycle Paths constructed in the most approved manner, and 
which on Sundays and holidays are crowded with thousands of cyclists. The man 
or woman who can manipulate and pedipulate a wheel should not fail to ride on these 
paths. It will be a choice bit of experience. 

Brooklyn is not only a city of the 
living but one of the dead also. It has 
a great many cemeteries, and it is esti- 
mated that over 3-, 000,000 of people 
are buried within its corporate limits. 
Greenwood is the most famous ceme- 
tery in this country. This " beautiful 
city of the dead " lies in the western 
part of Brooklyn, and comprises 474. 
acres. The main entrance, at Fifth 
avenue and Twenty-fifth street, is 
reached by the Brooklyn Elevated 
Railroad — Fifth avenue division — and 
the Fifth and Third avenue surface 
lines. Thousands of visitors are attracted every year by the beauty of the grounds 
and the magnificent monuments which the cemetery contains, many of them marking 
the resting places of distinguished persons. Here, beneath a simple monument 
of Quincy granite, facing the rising sun, lie the remains of Henry Ward Beecher. 
Here can be seen the monument erected to the memory of the martyrs of the Brooklyn 
Theatre fire. Among other monuments that attract attention are the memorial to 
John Mathews, with curious carvings and striking design ; the monument to Horace 
Greeley, erected by printers ; the tomb of De Witt Clinton, Governor of this State and 
projector of Erie Canal, and the monument to the Harper Brothers. Carriages for 
visitors are found inside the main entrance. Fare, twenty-five cents for adults and ten 
cents for children. 

Coney Island, fronting on the Atlantic Ocean, has long been the great seaside 
playground of the people of Greater New York. The beach stretches for about five 
miles and has been so far divided equally between the rich and the poor. At one end 
are the great Oriental and Manhattan Beach Hotels, with Sousa's famous band. Rice's 
spectacular show, fireworks, bicycle track, circus and other attractions, and near by 
is Brighton Beach Hotel with the popular Seidl orchestra. At the west end of the 
Island is the great resort for the crowds and should not be missed by the stranger. 




ENTRANCE 1 GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 



58 



The Gate to the Sea 



THE FALL RIVER LINE 



OCCUPYING THE 



Long Island Sound Route 

BETWEEN 

New York and Boston, 

Has the finest quintette of great Steamboats 
that th« world has ever seen. 

THE Priscilla, Puritan, Plymouth, 
Pilgrim and providence. 

Are the largest, best equipped, safest and hand- 
somest steamboats ever constructed. This 
route is one of the most attractive and 
naturally beautiful, traversed by 
any transportation agency in 
the world. 

The trips of the Fall River Line Steamers 
are made every night in the year. Each Steam- 
boat has its own orchestra, and the service on 
each member of the fleet is maintained at the 
highest possible standard. 

Tickets via this route are on sale at all the 
principal Ticket offices in the United States. 



S. A. GARDNER, , 
Superintendent. 



O. H. TAYLOR, 
Gen. Pass. Agent. 




Trade that Ancient Machine of Thine, 
For a WHEELER & WILSON No. 9. 

Office and Salesroom : '' 

15 NE^VARK AVENUE 

Jersey City. 
R. C. BowNE, Agent. 

Branch Offices : 
606 First St., Hoboken. I^ackensack, N. J. 



Established 1840. 

Gleason& Bailey MTg Co, 

Makers of 

Modern Fire Apparatus, 
Fire Extinguishers, 
Swinging Harness and 
General Fire Department 
Supplies, 

Corner of 

MERCER and HOUSTON STS., 

New York City. 

Shops, 

Seneca Falls, N. Y. 



GUBELMAN 



Tlje Official Photographer 



FOR THE 



Y, P, C. U. Convention for 1896, 



A Special Reduction to Members of the 
Union. 



77 and 79 tjontgomery St., 



JERSEY CITY. 



TEIvEPHONE TOOB. 



Brooklyn 5 9 

Here is every imaginable catch-penny attraction. It is a great Vanity Fair, patronized 
daily during the summer by thousands of people. There is no sight comparable to it 
in America. It is a happy-go-lucky place and one should look out for his pocket-book 
and not be too curious to visit all the " Midway attractions," some of which are posi- 
tively immoral. Walk through the streets, ascend the tower, see the crowds, the 
merry-go-rounds, listen to the frankfurter man, see the bathers — and perhaps take a 
dip yourself — and then go to Manhattan or Brighton Beach so that you may leave 
the Island with pleasant, healthful memories. 

Bergen Beach, reached by the Flatbush avenue cars, is a new popular resort 
opened this year. It has many of the Midway attractions of the Chicago and Atlanta 
fairs, including the Ferris Wheel. 

Fort Hamilton, Bath Beach and Bensonhvirst are suburbs located on the water 
front, overlooking the great gateway to New York harbor, and are easily reached by 
elevated and trolley railways. 

Long Beach, about twenty miles by the Long Island Railroad, is one of the finest 
ocean resorts in the country. There is a- large hotel, fine surf bathing, music and a 
series of lectures throughout the summer, managed by an association similar to the 
Chautauqua. 

Brooklyn has many fine residential streets. Brooklyn Heights is, perhaps, the 
best known locality. A fine view of the harbor can be had from this section. There 
are several large and well equipped armories in the city, numerous hospitals, a magnifi- 
cent Museum building, now in course of erection by the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 
Sciences, many fine public and private school buildings, numerous social clubs with 
houses commanding in architectural and interior decorations and furnishings. The 
most notable Clubs are the Hamilton, Brooklyn, Montauk, Oxford, Union League, 
Hanover and Crescent. Fine statues of General Grant before the Union League 
Club and of Alexander Hamilton in front of the Hamilton Club are works of the 
Brooklyn sculptor, Partridge. Pratt Institute, on Ryerson street, near DeKalb 
avenue, is a great school of technology and one of the best institutions of the kind in 
the land ; it is well worth a visit. 



■"''•»»» 







PRATT INSTITUTE. 



6o The Gate to the Sea 



CANTON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 

1858 CANTON, N. Y. 1896 

The Rev. Ebenezer Fisher, D. ©., first President, was inaug-urated and the Seminary 
formally opened April 15, 1858. In the interval of nearly thirty-eig'ht years the Seminary 
has received 345 students and sent out 315 candidates for the Ministry of the Universalist 
Church. It has been from the beginning open to men and women on the same terms. 
Twenty-three women have been enrolled in its classes. 

The regular course of instruction covers three years. For the degree of B. D., four years. 

While nearly everything that concerns an education is taught in the Seminary, from 
English Orthography to flebrew Syntax, there are nine principal Departments of study: 
Ethics, History, Sociology, Criticism and Interpretation, Comparative Religions, Theology, 
Church Administration, Homiletics, and Apologetics. 

The Canton Seminary was founded by the Universalist Church for the education of its 
ministry. This fact is never lost sight of. The aim is to send out into the ministry of the 
Church persons not only qualified to teach and to preach, but alive with interest in the great 
and advancing principles of Universalism, and loyally devoted to the welfare of the organiza- 
tion to which the maintenance of these principles is committed. 



FACULTY. 
ISAAC MORGAN ATWOOD, D. D., President and Professor of Theology and Ethics. 
HENRY PRENTISS FORBES, D.D., Sec'y and Prof, of Biblical Languages and Literature. 
JOHN STEBBINS LEE, D. D., Professor of Church History. 
Rev. lewis BEALS FISHER, Professor of Pastoral Theology. 

Rev. HENRY IRVING CUSHMAN, D. D., Providence, R. I., Special Lecturer on Preach- 
ing for May, 1896. 

CONDITITIONS OF ADMISSION'. 
The students particularly desired are those who give promise of usefulness in the min- 
istry of the Universalist Church. The best preliminary preparation is a classical course in 
college. Students whose opportunities have not admitted of such preparation are received if 
they possess a High School or equivalent education in English. Sound moral principle and 
approved Christian standing are indispensable. 

Tuition and use of Library free. The necessary expenses are as low as in any similar 
school in the country, aggregating about $150 a year. 

There are at present connected with the Seminary — Graduate Students, 6; Spscial, 2 
Seniors, 10; Middlers, 9; Juniors, 6. 

The School Year begins the Fourth Wednesday in September — this year, Sept. 23. Com- 
mencement is the Fourth Tuesday in June— this year, June 23. 

Inforination and catalogues furnished on application. 

TAYLOR'S HOTEL, 

JERSEY CITY, 
Opposite Pennsylvania R. R. Depot. 



All Electric Cars start from the Door. 200 First-class Rooms. 



During the Convention, Special Rates and Privileges will be extended ta 
Members of The Young People's Christian Union, and every effort made to 
make their visit to our city a happy one. 



RICHARD H. REED, 

Proprietor. 

TAYLOR'S HOTEL. 






The Gate to the Sea 



61 



FIELD SPORTS. 

Baseball, played daily in or near New York, as long as weather permits. The 
Polo Grounds, at Eighth avenue and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, the terminus 
of the Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway, are used fen- all professional games. Ad- 
mission, fifty cents. The day and horn- of all games are abundantly advertised. In 
Brooklyn the grounds are at Eastern Park, reached by the Kings County Elevated 
Railway. 

Berkeley Oval, an athletic field near Morris Dock, is the scene of many notable 
events, especially intercollegiate matches. It is reached by the Sixth Avenue Ele- 
vated Railway, and New York and Northern, or by the Hudson River R. R. 

Horse Racing continues throughout the season at one of the numerous tracks in 
and about New York. Jerome Park in Westchester County ; Sheepshead, Brooklyn 
Jocke}- Club and Brighton, in Kings Count}- ; Guttenberg and Long Branch, in New 
Jersey, are the principal tracks. 

Cricket. — The city and its neighborhood counts a score or more of clubs, the 
most important of which are the Staten Island, with grounds at Tompkinsville ; the 
St. George, at Hoboken, and the Manhattan, playing at Prospect Park. 

Tennis has hundreds of clubs, several of which have formed an association which 
owns a fine building on Forty-first street, near Seventh avenue. 

Tlie Racquet Club owns an elaborate and luxurious house, at 23 West Forty-third 
-street, for the indoor playing of its game, and also for social enjoyments. 

Rifle Practice and Shooting. — The rifle shooting at Creedmoor, L. I., where is 
•situated the range of the National Rifle Association, may interest military visitors. 
Creedmoor is a small village on the Long Island R. R., thirteen and a half miles 
from New York, and on match days special trains run at short intervals. Among the 
host of shooting galleries in the city, Zettler's,. Twelfth street and St Mark's place, and 
Conlon's, 51 West Thirty-first street, are distinguished by the best match shooting. 




A VIEW IN PROSPECT PARK. 



62 



The Gate to the Sea 



^e New Jersey 
"Jitle ^fl9rgi)tee gnd ^(ist (oropani), 

83 Montgomery Street, Jersey City. 

61 NEWARK STREET, HOBOKEN, N. J. 



Interest on Deposits. 

Issues Certificates of Deposit Bearing 
Interest. 

Money Loaned on Bond and Mortgage. 

Titles Searched and Guaranteed in 
any Part of New Jersey. 

Safe Deposit Vaults. 
Valuables Received on Storage. 



President. 

ABRAM Q. GARRETSON. 

Vice-Presidents. 

WILLIAM H. CORBIN, 

GEORGE F. PERKINS. 



Capital, - - $200,000.00 
Undivided Profits, 225,000.00 



Offers at Par and Interest its Five 
per cent. 

nORTQAGE TRUST 
BONDS 

In Denominations of 
$i,ooo, $500, $100. 



Treasurer and Secretary, 
J. E. HULSHIZER, Jr. 

Title Officer. 
JOHN OLENDORF. 



Board of Directors. 
ABRAM Q. GARRETSON, GEORGE F. PERKINS, 

CHARLES L. CORBIN, WILLIAM H. CORBIN, 

FRANK STEVENS, JOHN A. WALKER, 

WILLIAM G. BUMSTED, FRANK H. EARLE, 

EDWARD F. C. YOUNG, JAMES B. VREDENBURGH, 

DE WITT VAN BUSKIRK, GEORGE W. YOUNG, 

EARLE INSLEY, SPENCER WEART, 

LAWRENCE FAGAN. 



Jersey City 



63 




I 1 V HAIL, Jf.KSEY CITY. 



JERSEY CITY. 



When Henry Hudson and his men sailed up the Narrows in the good ship " Half 
Moon," they noticed on their left a shore which he described in his log-book "as 
pleasant with grasse and flowers, and goodly trees, as ever they had seen, and very 
sweet smells came therefrom." Some of his men elected to stay there, and from this 
small beginning in 1609 Jersey City had its start. Its growth was slow, as it had to 
be abandoned several times for safer spots, when hostile Indians were in the neighbor- 
hood. In 1S02 the part near the river had but thirteen inhabitants ; in 1850 there were 
6,000 people in the city, and in 1895 over 182,000. 

The old Dutch settlements along the water front, such as Paulus Hoeck, Harsimus, 
Pavonia and Communipaw, were early in the century incorporated in one place under 
the name of Jersey City, which was given in honor of its first governor (Lord Carteret), 
for his faithful services in the English island of that name. 

Jersey Cit}' geographically consists of patches of dry land and surrounding 
marshes. These marshes or flat lands have been gradually filled in and the land thus 
connected forms one city, the filled in parts being rapidly built up. The high blulT 
rising at the end of these marshes is Bergen Hill ; and on Bergen Square, which was 



64 



The Gate to the Sea 



The 

Hasbrouck 

Institute 



Of Jersey City, 

AVhose building is occupied by this con- 
vention, and a cut of which appears on 
another page of this book, is one of the 
largest and oldest private schools in this 
section of the country. 

It is a day school for both sexes, and 
for all grades, with a School of Music 
and a School of Art. 

Pupils from a distance can be provided 
with suitable homes at reasonable rates. 



Catalogues sent on Application. 



jV^orroW l^ \)^<l, 



8i Montgomery Street, 



JERSEY CITY. 



Apecialties: 



CATERING, 
RESTAURANT, 
ICE CREAn, 
FANCY CAKES, 
FINE CANDIES. 



Chiria and Silverware Loaned, 



Westeuifant 

Il8 MONTICELLO AV., 

JERSEY CITY. 



The only First-class Restaurant on 
the Hill. 

Special inducements to the V. P. C. U. 



TWO REGULAR DINNERS, 
12 to 2, 5 to 8. 



qjMMl? 



TheCoijlribulionofa Frieijd 



-^jfp 



Jersey City 



65 



early laid out and named, the first school was erected, while at the intersection of 
Bergen avenue and Montgomery street were the cornfields of the Indians. This flat 
space on the top of the hill was called the "Maize Land" by the Indians, and the 
Dutch retained the name for a long time. The burying grounds of these early farmers 
<and which are still in use) are a few blocks from this place, and the armory stands 
near it, on the site of an old Dutch farmhouse. These old portions retain their 
former names in the minds of the people, although in 1872 the last of them \\"-as con- 
solidated with Jersey City, and reference is continually made to Bergen, Greenville, 
Hudson Cit}', La Fayette and Communipaw, while to distinguish the lower part of the 
city mention is made of old Jersey City. The first regular ferry was started in 1661 
and ran from Communipaw to New Amsterdam, about the same route as the present 




PROVIDENT INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS. 



ferrj' connected with the New Jersey Central Railroad. In 1764 a local newspaper 
announced " Good News to the Public," and told of the organization of the Jersey 
Ferry Company, which would run boats regularly, wind and ice permitting, from New 
York to a point in Jersey City for Paulus Hoeck), near where Grand and Greene streets 
now intersect. This is the same company, reorganized, which owns the present 
system that is run in conjunction with the Pennsylvania Railroad. Steam was intro- 
duced in I Si 2, and a little later the fare was fixed at three cents each passenger. The 
handsomest ferryboats in the world are used by this company, and large numbers of 
people are daily carried back and forth from Jersey City and nearby towns to the great 
business section of the city of New York. Jersey City is the terminus of nearly every 
large railroad in the East, and each of them has erected imposing stations, that of the 
Pennsylvania having an aixhed cover over its elevated tracks which is 240 feet in 
width, the greatest span of its kind in the world. The long length of water front and the 
close proximity to New York have done much to increase the manufacturing industries^ 
of Jersey City. This entire water front (six miles) is occupied by well built piers, 



66 The Gate to the Sea 



ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY 

CANTON, N. Y. 
JOHN CLARENCE LEE, Ph.D., President. 



THE COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCES. 

The College is situated upon a beautiful hill in the healthful village of Canton. 
It is surrounded by wholesome moral influences, and is free from the temptations 
and distractions of large cities. It is strictly undenominational in instruction and 
discipline ; students are required to attend regularly the churches of their parents' 
choice. Thorough instruction is given according to the best college methods, with 
numerous electives. The necessary expenses are unusually small. Women are 
admitted upon equal terms with men. There are four courses of study, leading to 
the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Science, and 
Bachelor of Letters. 

Great care is taken to develop right habits of study, power of attention, close- 
observ^ation, and independent judgment. Students are constantly encouraged to 
original thought, guided and restrained b3' judicious criticism. Properly qualified 
students desiring to do advanced work in any department are encouraged and as- 
sisted. Throughout the course each student is required to write themes and essays, 
subject to detailed criticism ; and rhetorical drill is carefully attended to. Classes 
are organized for parliamentary practice and' debate. There are now two labor- 
atories, equipped for practical work in physics and chemistry, and valuable 
collections for use in the courses in geology and mineralogy. 

For catalogue and any desired information, address 

Prof. G. R. HARDIE, Registrar, Cantox, N. Y. 



A $100 1896 PvlODEL 

COLUMBIA BICYCLE 

AND A $26 FULL MOROCCO FUNK & WAGNALLS 

STANDARD DICTIONARY 

YOU MAY SECURE EITHER OF THEM FREE 

by entering the grand word construction contest just announced by the pub- 
lishers of the .Standard Dictionary. A Columbia bicycle, 1896 model, and a 
two-volume Full Morocco Standard Dictionary will be given, August 15, for 
the largest lists of words formed according to given rules from combinations 
of two or more consecutive letters in the following sentence from the St. 
James's Budget (weekly edition of the St. James's Gazette), London, England, 
July 27, 1895: 

PRIZE SENTENCE: 

" The Funk and VVagnalls' Standard Dictionary should be the Pride of Literary America ,a& 

it is the Admiration of Literary England." 

Every competitor must first send ten cents for an illustrated prospectus of 
the Standard Dictionary and full particulars of the contest. Very easy for 
every intelligent boy or girl, man or woman. 

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 30 Lafayette Place, New YorL 



The Gate to the Sea. 



67 




68 



The Gate to the Sea 




Jersey City 69 

which are used either by the many railroads or by private companies. Immense 
quantities of coal are annually brought to these docks and re-shipped. Eight lines of 
ocean steamers have their landing places at these piers. The American Sugar 
Refining Company has a large manufacturing plant, the daily output of which is 
about 5,000 barrels. The immense tobacco factory of the Lorillards is situated in the 
lower part of the city, and gives employment to a great number of men, women and 
children. Near this factory are many box and paper factories, sawmills and dry docks; 
while further along the shore, in a small cove (which still bears the old Indian name of 
Harsimus) are the Abattoir and Central Stock Yards, where most of the cattle shipped 
from the far West are received and killed. The city is also the place of manufacture for 
the great soap house of Colgate & Company, the Oakley Perfume and Soap Com- 
pany, the Dixon Crucible Company, whose plant occupies nearly two square blocks, 
and many other extensive manufactories. Gradually commerce is encroaching on the 
residential portion of the old city, and what were once blocks of handsome homes, are 
now converted into offices and factories. A few fine streets remain, noticeably those 
surrounding the two small parks in this section. These little squares, named Hamilton 
Park and Van Vorst Park, are parts of the old Dutch Bouweries ; they are well 
kept and add much to the attractiveness of lower Jersey City. On the streets border- 
ing the latter park are the houses occupied by ex-Governor Bedle and ex-Governor 
Abbett in their lifetime. The Union League Club also faces this park, and many of 
the city's officials and former Mayors, as well as the present Mayor, live in the vicinity. 
The home of the Young Men's Christian Association is but two short blocks dis- 
tant from it. This Association lives in the old Van Vorst house on Wayne street, an 
imposing white structure with tall pillars reaching from the ground to the roof in 
front. The house is always open and young men visitors are most cordially welcomed 
at any time. 

Two blocks from the ferry on Washington street is the Free Public Library, 
which contains 52,000 volumes, and is furnished with a commodious reading-room, 
and a well-equipped reference department. It is open daily from 9 A. M. until S P.M., 
and the reading-room until 10 P. M., every day in the week, including Sunday's and 
holidays. 

The phenomenal growth which has taken place in Jersey City in the last few 
years is shown most in the portion designated as the Hill. Here are many wide 
streets and avenues, with handsome residences surrounded by lawns and old trees. 
This section is easily reached from the lower part of the city, as a well- managed sys- 
tem of trolley lines is spread all over the county, transfers being made from one line 
to another, and many pleasant and enjoyable rides may be taken. Walks or drives 
ma}' be taken along Bergen avenue, where may be seen the finest residences of the 
city, also on the Boulevard, the new County Road, which runs for nineteen miles 
through Hudson County, a great portion of it being in Jersey City. This is a broad 
driveway, with sidewalks, being 100 feet wnde, and runs from the extreme northern 
end of the county to Bergen Point ; here a ferry may be taken to Staten Island. It is 
deservedly popular with cyclists, and is being connected with the lower part of the 
city and ferries to New York by asphalted streets. Notice should also be taken of the 
many fine Club Houses in the city, all of which are open in the summer, and visitors 
are always cordially welcomed. The new Armory of the Fourth Regiment is a fine 
building of rough brown stone situated on Bergen avenue, at the corner of Church 
street. 

There are many churches in the city, nearly every denomination being repre- 
sented by one or more congregations, the oldest assembly being that of the Bergen 
Reformed. This church was established by the early settlers, worship being con- 
ducted in the school house for a long time, then a small church was built, being 
octagonal in form, with small windows near the top, the elders of the church giving 



70 The Gate to the Sea 



ESTABLISHED l8p, 



HUDSON COUNTY 
NATIONAL BANK 



Jersey City, N. J. 



R. C. WASHBURN, President. 

AUGUSTUS ZABRISKIE, Vice-President 

J. W. HARDENBERGH, Cashier. 



Capital, $250,000. Surplus! Profits, $480,000 



DIRECTORS. 

HAMPTON A. COURSEN, MYLES TIERNEY, 

GARRET D. VAN REIPEN, JOHN D. McGILL, 

RICHARD C. WASHBURN, JOHN A. BLAIR, 

CORNELIUS ZABRISKIE, J. W. HARDENBERGH, 

AUGUSTUS ZABRISKIE, FRANK H. EARLE, 

GILBERT COLLINS, HENRY S. WHITE. 



Jersey City 



71 



as a reason for the peculiar shape, that it was designed not only to keep the hostile 
Indians awaj', but also to prevent mischievous boys from climbing up and disturbing 
the ser\nces. The old church was finally pulled down, and the congregation built the 
present edifice, corner of Bergen avenue and Highland avenue, in 1841. 

Jersey City has been the County seat since the division of Bergen and Hudson 
counties in 1S40, and the old stone Court House, erected in 1845, is still in use, situ- 
ated on Newark avenue near the Five Corners. Joining it is the County Jail, and 
directly back is the new Hall of Records, While the municipal buildings are in 
the'lower portion of the city, a new and im])osing City Hall is in process'of erection 





HUDSOV COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. 



at Montgomery, Grove and Henderson streets. Short Sails may be taken from the 
city to Brooklyn by the Annex connected with the ferries of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, and to Twenty-third street. New York, by the Erie Railroad ferry, while a boat 
leaves the pier of the Adams Express Company every hour for Coney Island. 

Hoboken, which used to be the tobacco fields of the Indians, its name meaning 
tobacco pipe, is reached from Jersey City either by trolley or horse car. It is the 
terminus of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, and has three ferries 
to New York ; it is the landing place for the North German Lloyd and Hamburg 
lines of steamers ; has many fine residences and contains Stevens Institute, the 
well-known School of Technology. At the foot of Fourteenth street, Hoboken, is 



72 



The Gate to the Sea 



FLANDRAU & CO., 



(Daniel T. Wilson,) 



CARRIAGE BUILDERS, 

372, 374, 376 Broome St., 
NEW YORK." 

The Largest Assortment of Pleasure Vehicles of all varieties in the world, at 
Fair and Reasonable Prices and Highest Quality. 



SOME SECOND-HAND VEHICLES. 



« 



. INSPECTION CORDIALLY INVITED. 



Westbrook Sen;)inary 



DEERIMG, MAIME. 



A Home School of Hlab Grade 



Six Courses of Study including Post-Qradu= 
ate Course for advanced students. As a Fitting 
School ranks among the best. Prepares for 
advanced standing in College. Opportunity 
for three years in French and German under 
an accomplished specialist. Regular systematic 
training in English, Oratory and Physical Cul- 
ture throughout the courses. Chemistry and 
Physics, with laboratory work, a special fea- 
ture. Modern methods. Instruction thorough. 
Steam heat throughout. Expenses moderate. 
Healthful location, land and sea breezes. 

For Catalogue with fiiU information send 
to the President, 

Rev. H S. Whitman, Deeiing, Me. 



Largest Job Printing House in the City 



ALBERT DATZ, 
Printer and Book Binder 



In My Line . . . 

cash sales books, 
blank books, 
rubber stamps, 
filing. boxes, 
stamping on books, 
silk banners, 
photo engraving, 

Card and Wedding invitations. 

WEDDING CAKE BOXES. 

The Largest Assortment of Society 
Badges to select from in the 
City. Book Binding and Re- 
pairing done on the Premises 

57 RAILROAD AVENUE, 



Opp. Newark Avenue, 



Jersey City 



Jersey City 73 

moored the United States ship Portsmouth, used by the Eastern BattaUon of Naval 
Reserves of New Jersey. This ship is open for inspection at any time, and visitors 
are shown especial attention on Saturdays and Sundays. It is easily reached by the 
Washington street line of cars. 

Bergen Point. — One of the most enjoyable trips in this vicinity is the ride to 
Bergen Point on the trolley cars. Starting at the ferry, a distance of twelve miles is 
traveled, passing through lower Jersey City, a section of Bergen, Greenville and 
Bayonne (a city by it.self, but immediately adjoining Jersey City). New York Bay 
and Bay View Cemeteries are passed in this ride, and a fine view of the bay with its 
shipping and the Statue of Liberty is obtained through the side streets. 

Suburbs. -The car lines traversing the northern part of the county also aff')rd 
facilities for grand views of the river and bay, as well as of the surrounding country. 
Trolleys run to Fort Lee, Rutherford, Union Hill, Passaic, Newark, Elizabeth and the 
Oranges, going through most of the principal streets of the city while en route. Some 
of the finest bicycle roads in the country connect these Jersey towns. 

Newark is reached from Jersey City by two lines of trolley cars, one going over 
the Plank Road (so named from the method employed in its building) and the other 
over the Turnpike ; if this latter way is taken the Hackensack is crossed by a bridge 
which stands in nearly the place where Douw's Ferry used to be, and it was by 
means of this ferry and over this same road that Light Horse Harry Lee and his small 
band of brave men dashed that foggy morning in August, 1779, and so successfully 
routed the sleepy British soldiers in Paulus Hoeck. The road was built for the use 
of soldiers during the French and Indian war, and was the main road to the western 
part of the State and Pennsylvania for many years. Late in July and all through 
August the marshes which border this road on either side of the Hackensack are cov- 
ered with the large, bright pink flowers of the wild hibiscvis, transforming them into 
veritable fields of beauty. Along this road for a long distance good views of the 
Secaucus road and Snake Hill (both old Indian names) can be obtained. The county 
institutions are at Snake Hill, and are model institiitions of their kind, well repaying a 
visit of inspection. 



ASBURY PARK. 

Asbury Park was born in May, 1S70. It was conceived of a holy purpose, with 
an American citizen as sponsor. From Maine to Florida the Atlantic coast had 
many places of greater or less renown as summer resorts ; but there was no one 
town of easy access and large hospitality which combined within itself the elements 
of physical beauty with spiritual comeliness, toleration with temperance, elegance 
with democracy, recreation with repose. The times called for such a resort and it came. 
In Asbury Park such a dream has been realized. There is no other town like it anywhere 
in the world. Asbury Park is a summer resoit without prototype or precedent, and in 
its peculiar sphere it has no rival. The tourist who alights at the tasteful railroad 
station beholds well kept grounds at first glance. An open plaza, such as might be 
used for the drill grounds of a West Point class, lies between the depot and the brick- 
built business portion of the town. Let the new comer enter a barouche or take a 
street car, and he may make the circuit of a city of homes, set in the greenest of 
lawns, sequestered in the shade of the leafiest of trees and checkered by curbed and 
macadamized avenues one hundred feet in width. Going eastward, he will come 
upon huge hotels with tiered casements glinting in the sunshine, wide verandas, and 
suddenly, through the widening lane between the cottages, a wilder vista charms the 
gaze, and the visitor beholds an avenue of waters unbroken until the thither curb is 



74 



The Gate to the Sea 



George B. Spearin & Co., 

fleVeland ^ic^cles, 

SUNDRIES. RENTING. 
REPillRlNG. INSTRUCTION. 

74 Montgomery Street, Weldon Building, 
JERSEY CITY. 

716 Avenue D, near 33d Street, 
BAYONNE. 

SMITI^ & SCHOBER, 

Steriograpt^y, Typewritirig, 
DUplicatirig, 

POSTAL TELEGRAPH BUILDING, 

Broadway and Murray Street, 

'' — ■ — Room 629 

Typewriter Supplies aijd 
Office Stalioijery for Sale, 

Established 1889. 

MESCHUTT'S 

Hotel and Dining Rooms, 

90 MONTGOMERY STREET, 
Jersey City. 



Ladies' Dining Room Up-Stairs, 

Open Day and Night 

Frank Holt S Co., 

ttZetfcr) iTJet^ers, 
Jewelers Gcrjd feJpiicietijs, 

6 Academy Street, 

NEWARK, N. J., 

Opposite New Post Office 



HERMAN J, LOl^MANN, Ph, G,, 

Pharmacist and 
Analytical Cliemist, 

Dealer in DRUGS, CHEMICALS. TOILET 
ARTICLES AND PERFUMERY 
AH Requisites for Sick Room and 
Nursery Constantly on Hand. 
Physicians' Prescriptions Filled by 
Graduates in Pharmacy. 
Night Calls Answered Promptly. 

COR. MONTIGELLO AND HARRISON flVS., 

Telephone 1532. JERSEY CITY, N J. 



PETER PAGE, 

8birt Maimer 
AND Retailer of Men's PurnisQinas 
12 NEWARK AVENUE, 

Jersey Ciiy, N. J. 

IVES BROTHERS, 

Aercl^ar[t Tailors 
ar^d Hatters, 

96 ^^ 9S MONTGOMERY STREET, 

Jersey City, N. J. 



THOS. T. VILE 



WM. O. VILE 



VILE K SO/N, 

(^©rr)rr)issior) A" iepcr)Gi:r)fsj 

IN HAY, STRAW AND GRAIN, 
105 Hudson and 36 ■^ 38 fjork Streets, 

JERSEY CITY, N. J. 



Liberal Advances Made on Consignments if 
Desired. Goods received on all roads 
terminating in New York or 
Jersey City. 
Members New York Produce Exchange. Ref- 
erences, Hudson Co. Nat. Bank, J. C. 



The Gate to the Sea 



75 




I 



76 The Gate to the Sea 



F. I. Vanderberk. Wm. E Pearson. I. P. Vanderbeek. 



VANDERBEEK b. SOHS' 

Lumber Yard, 
Planing Mill # Box Factory 

C01'. Greene and Steuben Streets, 
JERSEY CITY, N. J. 

T, C, BROWN & VAN ANGLEN CO, 
^ek0or)k"ble ©ty G(oo(i>^ 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Ladies Suits, Separate Dress Skirts, Silk Waists y 

Shirt JVaists in all the Leading Materials, 

Misses' and Childre^is Garments, I^ifant^ Wear 

Upholstery, Beddings Etc. Housekeeping Goods, 

Ladies' Furnishings, Men's Furnishings, 

21, 23 and 25 NKVVARK AVENUE, 

XhroUOH to 128 PvlONTGOX^ERY STREET, 

JERSEY CITY. 



Asbury Park 77 

reached on the coast of Africa. Asbury Park is typical of all that is good, enjoyable, 
healthy and sensible in seaside resorts, and combines the pleasures and benefits of 
sea air, surf bathing, ocean sailing, lake rowing, shady drives, smooth roads and 
multitudinous amusements, with perfect sanitation, every modern improvement, and 
the easiest accessibility. Its beach is superb ; its bathing unequaled. A board walk 
a mile long, and from twenty-five to ninety feet wide, forms the finest ocean promen- 
ade in the world, and in its spacious pavilions good music is furnished morning, after- 
noon and evening. The beach, promenade, pavilions, lakes, drives and music are all 
as free as the ocean breezes. 

From the beach the visitor b}^ bicycle or carriage can set out on a hard road 
to the southward to the end of Barnegat Bay ; in the other direction he can ride 
to Sandy Hook through ten or a dozen watering places, including Deal, Long Branch, ' 
Seabright, the Highlands and the Atlantic Highlands. Returning he can ride through 
the loveliest pait of the most noted county in the union, " Old Monmouth," with its 
ancient villages, its fifty well-known resorts, its sacred battlefields, its roads over 
which George Washington rode to victory, its quaint churches, its exquisitely beautiful 
Shrewsbury River, and its " second Newport," for Runison Neck is a closer second to 
Newport than either Tuxedo or Southampton. Just across the ocean end of Deal 
Lake, fifty 3^ards from the northern boundary of Asbury Park, is situated United 
States Life Saving vStation No. 6. In architecture and appliances this is the finest 
station on the coast. During June and July the captain or some of the crew may 
nearly ahvays be found at the station ready to receive visitors. Here may be seen the 
life-boats ; the Lyle gun, which throws the shotted line from the beach to the im- 
fortunate wreck ; the life-car, and the " breeches buoy." which, running on the 
stretched line, bring crew and passengers from peril to safety, and all curious appli- 
ances which are so effective in this noble work. 

As a matter of course, the Atlantic Ocean is the chief attraction of Asbury Park, 
and it is a perennial attraction, open to the public, admission free, every day in the 
year, with frequent changes of scene ranging fi^om the comic to the tragic. Perhaps 
there is no gayer evening scene in America than that which reigns on the mile' 
beach of Asbury Park and a few blocks inland. Huge hotels and beautiful cottages 
are brilliantly illuminated, the electric lights flash messages of gayety from street to 
street, music from ballrooms charms the ear, and happy young folk flit from house to 
house in this community where everyone is at home. The " ocean sidewalk " is 
thronged with people who have given over for the nonce the sordid realities of work- 
day life and strolling here by the lulling waters of the sea they whiff the keen, salt air 
and drink delight of living. 



UP THE HUDSON. 

Every traveler in Germany is familiar with the poetic and picturesque beauties 
of the Rhine, and if he be an American he recalls with pride that he has in his own 
free land a rival. The Hudson has not old castles cropping out, from whose moulder- 
ing parapets past centuries look down with approving content upon the lordly lapse 
of the stream below. He must grant that this charm, the creation of man, adds a 
zest to the German stream which the American one lacks and must lack for all 
time, but Americans will hold that this is the only superiority which the Rhine can 
boast over the Hudson. Ruins are something we do not hanker after on these cis- 
Atlantic shores. Decay is not the attribute of j^outh. The European visiting 
America can have no better introduction to the Western Continent than that which is 



78 



The Gate to the Sea 



BLACK'S 

VILL/^GE NURSERIES 

Our Specialties are 

MERCER CHERRY, 
TRIUMPH PEACH and 
EMPEROR PEACH. 

Also a full line of all kinds of Nursery 
Stock. 

Send lo cents for finely Illustrated Cata- 
logue, containing three colored plates 
of above fruits. 
Address, 

JOS. 1^. BLACK, SON k CO, 

HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 

WHITE CLOUD 
LAUNDRY WORKS, 

221 WEST 116TH STREET. 



Near "L" Station, 



NEW YORK CITY 



The leading emporium of Harlem 
for beautifully laundered linen. 

We give you the Correct domestic finish 
on Collars, Cuffs and Shirts. 

Ladies' Shirt Waists done equal to new 
20 Cents each. 

Blankets Cleaned, 40 Cents Per Pair. 

Goods called for and returned 
free of charge. 

Otir aim is to please our patrons. 

C. L. STERNBERG S CO. 



Order Your . . . 
Letter Headings 

ON 

"ELECTRIC 

^ LINEN/; 

Avoid_^^ 

The "JUST AS GOOD!'* 

INSIST UPON HAVING 




THEY ARE THE BEST ! I 



John B. WatkinSt 

MANUFACTURING 
STATIONER, . . . 

213 PEARL ST., 

NEW YORK. 



up the Hudson 



19 



afforded by a voj-age up the Hudson, and visitors generally will find that the river 
forms naturally the first stage of any extended pleasure tour through the Northern 
and Eastern States. 

Among the thousand streams which drain the great Atlantic slope of North Amer- 
ica, none is more attractive than the noble river at whose mouth stands the Empire 
City of the Western World. The enchanting splendors of the scenery of the far. 
famed Hudson are sufficient in themselves to fully interest the visitor. The historic 
associations, however, supply a double charm. To all patriotic Americans, at least, 
every league from Fort Lee and Fort Washington to Albany is fruitful in remi- 
niscences of the revolutionary period. At Washington Heights, on the right bank of 
the river, where now are beautiful villas and well-shaded lawns, one of the hardest 
struggles of the revolutionary war took place. Opposite Fort Washington is Fort 
Lee, also the scene of stirring events. Tarrytown speaks of Andre's capture and of 
Arnold's treason ; Stony Point, of Mad Anthony Wayne's sweeping chai'ge and bril- 
liant capture; West Point and the Highland region of the Hudson, of the tide of 
battle that ebbed and flowed during all those long years of suspense. The situation of 
the militar}' post at West Point and school is inexpressibly charming. From the revolu- 
tion to the present day this spot has been the birthplace of heroes. Newburg and it& 
beautiful bay speaks of Washington ; and there, in full view from the river, is the very 
house that he occupied as his headquarters. The building has been made the deposi- 
tory of a valuable collection of relics of the revolution, and is especially rich in those 
which relate to events in the Hudson River region. 

Viewed at any time when the day is fair, the traveler up the Hudson will candidly 
admit that it is a"noble river, fit to be mentioned with other lordly streams. 




A PARK VIEW IN GREATER NEW YORK. 



8o 



7'he Gate to the Sea 




^d^ 



Alas I Alack 1 

Such harsh words spoken, 

Would ne'er been uttered 

Had they used the Empire Steam Heater 



A. A, GRIPPING IRON COMPANY 

66-68 Centre Street, New York, 

BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA, JERSEY CITY 

The Empire heats the First Universalist 
Church, Jersey Cit}-. 

Inspect it. Send for Book, " Good Heating." 



Q.uick Cough and Croup Cure 

SirT\ple, Safe ar\d Sure, 

C. B. SMITH & COMPANY, 

Wholesale Agents, 

8fi3 AND S65 BROAD STREET, 

NEVW^iRK, N. J. 



STOUTENBURGH & CO. 

Men's and Boys' 
Outfitters, 

797, 799, 801, §03 AND 805 BROAD ST., 

NEWARK, N. J. 



PVheit 

You 

Visit 

the 

Dome 

of the 

IVoidd 

B till ding 



r^ALL in at the 
'Conn t i nor 

Room and bny a 

World Almanac 
for 1896. The 

World Almanac 
is the Standard 
A merican A nnual 
It covers every 
field of reference. 
It is a rest to the 
mind. It tells 
what yon zvant to 
knozv zvhen yon 
zvant to know it. 
Costs bnt 25 cents. 



^^f^ 



TJie Gate to the Sea 



8 1 




MAP OF GRKATKR NEW YORK AND CONTIGUOUS TERRITOKV. 



82 



The Gate to the Sea 



NEW YORK CITY FROM BATTERY TO 23d ST. 


















These Maps are from the World Almanac of ifi 



The Gate to the Sea 



83 



NEW YORK CITY FROM 24th ST. TO 88th ST. 



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The Gate to the Sea 



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The Gate to the Sea 



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The Gate to the Sea 



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Tlie Gate to t/ie Sea 



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NEW YORK CITY-WESTCH ESTER DISTRICT. 



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88 The Gate to the Sea. 



THE CHRISTIAN LEADER 

A FAMILY PAPER. 
Published Weekly, $2.50 a year, payable in advance. 



Editor, Assistant Editor, 

GEORGE H. EMERSON, D. D. Rev. FREDERICK A. BISBEE 

Contributing^ Editors, 
Isaac M. Atvvood, D. D. Oscar F. Safford, D D. 

Almon Gunnison, D. D. Rev. L. C. Browne, Western New York 

John Coleman Adams, D. D. Mrs. Jane L. Patterson. 

To new or old subscribers we make the following offer : On receipt of $4.00 
we will carry the subscription forward one year and send a copy (postpaid), of the 
International Self Pronouncing Teacher's Bible, Minion type, bound in Morocco, 
with divinity circuit binding, round corners, red under gold edges, silk head band 
and silk markers. Size of Bible 5x7|xi^ inches. 



SOME OF OUR TIMELY BOOKS. 

THB I/IFB OF RFV. JOHN MURRAY. 

Written by himself with a continuation by Mrs. Judith Sargent Murray, with an 
introduction and notes by Rev. G. L. Demarest, D. D. Illustrations: The Potter 
Meeting House, First Church in Gloucester, First Church in Boston, The Grave of 
Murray. i2mo, cloth, 408 pages, $1 00. 

PRAISB AND THANKS. 

Convention Edition. A Hymn Book for the Young People's Christian Union of the 
Universalist Chuw;h. Arranged by Miss Grace F. White. i2mo, 96 pages, Manilla 
covers. Price in quantities at the rate of $io.oo per hundred, purchaser to pay the 
cost of transportation. Sample copies, 15 cents. 

CHURCH HARMONIFS. 

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Young People's Christian Union. 89 

THE NATIONAL YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN 
UNION, JERSEY CITY, 1896. 

The National Young People's Christian Union was organized at Ljmn, Mass., in 
October, 1SS9. Annual sessions have been held as follows : Rochester, N. Y.; Cleve- 
land, Ohio; Reading, Pa.; Washington, D. C; Harriman, Tenn.; and Boston, 
Mass. 

The seventh annual convention will be held in Hasbrouck Institute, at Jersey 
City, N. J., July S to 12, 1S96. An elaborate programme has been prepared, and 
every effort made to make the convention a grand success. 

Committees. 

The Committee of Jersey City, '96, is as follows : 

Chairman, George R. Hough ; Secretary, Miss Virginia A. Doggett ; Treasurer. 
Mrs. Chas. H. Vail. 

Chairmen of Sub-CoxMmittees. 

Reception, Rev. Chas. H. Vail; Accommodation, C. C. Van Riper; Registration, 
James B. Knapp; Advertising, Miss Hannah E. Eltringham, Charles A. Miller; 
Excursion, Harry S. Fowler; Decoration, Frank H. Cole; Information, Miss Ida 
May Demarest ; Music, Mrs. George R. Hough; Press, Samuel N. Harker; Souvenir, 
Rev. E. G. Mason ; Pulpit Supply, Rev. Lyman Ward; Ushers, Miss Floi'ence Smith. 

Alfred R. Heath, President ; Grace L. White, Secretary, ex-ojficio. 

Pl.-xce of Meeting. 

Hasbrouck Institute, the building in which the convention is to be held, is situated 
on the brow of Jersey City Heights (geological!}' an extension of the Palisades), and 
overlooks the cities of New York, Brooklyn, Hoboken, Newark and Jersey City, 
while the Bay of New York, the Narrows, Staten Island, Newark Bay, the Hacken- 
sack and Passaic Rivers and the Orange Mountains, all combine to furnish from the 
observatory one of the grandest panoramas in the world. 

The Campus has a frontage of about three hundred feet on Crescent avenue and 
about two hundred and twenty-five feet on Harrison avenue. The building is placed 
well back from both streets, thus insuring freedom from the noise and dust of street 
traffic. The location of the Institute and the system of transfers on street cars, make 
it easily accessible from all points of the city and surrounding towns. 

Excursions. 

The Committee has arranged the following excursions : Excursion No. i : To 
Asbury Park, Monday, July 13th, Fare %\. See pages 73 and 74. 

Excursion No. 2 : Up the Hudson, Tuesday, July 14th, Fare 50 cents. See page 77. 

Excursion No. 3: To Good Luck, Wednesday, July 15th, Fare $2.50. Tickets 
good for five days. 



■90 



The Gate to the Sea 




Good Luck, New Jersey 



91 



GOOD LUCK, NEW JERSEY. ^ 

ThK BlRTlll'LACK OK TIIK UnIVEKSALIST ChURCH IN AMERICA. 

yiii-- <-t .y:^ 'j>y i^Q ordinary observer, the little settlement 

V of Good Ltick, on the eastern shore of New 

Jersey, does not suggest itself as a place of un- 
usual importance or interest. The leading 
features of the hamlet — a few scattered farms 
with green fields adjoining, roads in which the 
fine sand lies two or three inches in de]ith, a 
grove of beautiful oaks, two churches, near the 
older of which is a small cemetery, and a large, 
plain, but. neat-looking summer hotel — are all 
more or less characteristic of the average 
country village on the coast line of the pine- 
lands of New Jersey. Only the more modern 
of the two churches, a pretty gothic chapel of 
brick, with heav}^ buttresses and a massive 
square tower, seems somewhat pretentious 
amid its commonplace surroundings. 
But notwithstanding its similarity to many other settlements of its kind, Good 
Luck enjoys special distinction from the fact that it was here that the movement 
which culminated in the formation of the Universalist Church in America, had its in- 
ception. On the very spot occupied by the older of the two church edifices, upon the 




KKV . JOHN MURRAY. 




THE POTTER iMEETENG HOUSE. 

outskirts of the grove of oaks, John Murray, the founder of the denomination, began 
his labors in the new world. The story of the meeting of Murray and Potter under 
most peculiar circumstances is alreadj^ well-known. 

In the latter part of September, 1770, the English brig Hand-in-Haiid, from Lon- 
don, having failed to dispose of its cargo at Philadelphia, sailed up the coast of New 



92 



The Gate to the Sea 



Jersey on its way to New York City. In the midst of a dense fog the captain of the 
vessel lost his bearings and it struck the bar, but passed over into a small arm of water 
known as Cranberry Inlet, which then connected Barnegat Bay with the ocean. The 
ship was prevented by anchors from being driven on shore and a part of the cargo 
was removed to a sloop which chanced to be near by and which was engaged for the 
purpose. At the request of the captain, John Murray, who had sailed from London 
as a passenger, went on board the sloop to take charge of certain articles which were 
deemed too valuable to be intrusted to irresponsible and unknown persons. On the 
following morning the Haiid-in-Haiid, aided by a high tide and favoring wind, again 




POTTER MEMORIAL CHURCH. 



put to sea, but the wind suddenly changing, the sloop was unable to follow the larger 
vessel. There being no provisions on board the sloop, later in the day Murray went 
on shore in search of food. He was directed to the house of Thomas Potter, a well-to- 
do planter, who not only furnished him freely the desired supplies, but warmly invited 
him to pass the night at his home. On the return from the vessel of his new-found 
friend, Potter informed him that he had been awaiting his coming for a long time and 
that on the following Sunday he would be expected to preach in a meeting-house near 
by. From the conversation which followed, Murray learned that the planter, who, 
though illiterate was a man of unusual mental ability, had from his own reflections 
become a believer in the doctrine of universal salvation, and that he had erected a 
meetine-house in the full belief that God would send a minister of his own faith to 



Good Luck, Neiv Jersey 



^Z 



proclaim the gospel from its pulpit. This minister, he affirmed, had at last arrived. 
Surprised beyond measure at his peculiar reception, Murray, who had resoh^ed before 
leaving England that he would never preach again, declined the invitation, but the 
wind remaining the same and preventing his departure, he finally consented, believing 
that Providence directed him to grant the old man's request. On the next Sunday, 
September 30, 1770, John Murray preached his first sermon in America, and although 
the earliest denominational organization was not formed until many years later and in 
another section of the country, it was on that memorable day when Murray first pro- 
claimed his message in the little rude chapel in the New Jersey wilderness, that the 
foundations of the Universalist Church were laid. 




OLD POTTKK DUELLING HOUSE. 

To the many followers of Murray who annually visit the spot, there are numerous 
points of interest. As the visitor alights from the train upon the rude platform which 
serves as a depot during the summer months, he is met by a coach from the Murray 
Grove House, and on the way to the hotel the original site of the cabin where Murray 
first called to buy food, is pointed out to him. It was here that he was directed to 
Thomas Potter's house, and the meeting-house near by first attracted his attention. 
But a few rods from the site of the old Potter Church is the Potter Memorial Church, 
and a little distance beyond is the Murray Grove Hotel. 

Continuing on his way Murray must have passed by the meeting-house and 
through the grove already mentioned, to the planters house. The Potter dwelling 
house is still standing and is in a good state of preservation. With the exception of an 
addition which was erected several years ago, and some few minor changes recently 



94 



The Gate to the Sea 



made in the interior, it undoubtedly presents much the same appearance that it did 
on that memorable day when the weary stranger was received within its hospitable 
walls as a welcome guest. 

The guest chamber, which was fitted up for Murray, is on the second floor. A fire- 
place occupying a large section of one side of a room, was boarded up many years ago. 
In repairing the house recently the boarding was removed and an old cane, once, doubt- 
less, the property of Thomas Potter, was found in the recess. It was recently purchased 
by the Baltimore Universalist Sunday-school and added to the Good Luck collection of 









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MURRAY GROVE HOUSE. 

Potter and Murray relics. Near the house are several sheds, the roof of one of which 
is said to have been the original covering of the old church. A Uttle to one side of the 
path which leads from the house to the church is a bubbling spring of pure, cold 
water, which has doubtless been a favorite source of water supply since the earliest 
settlement in the vicinity. 

The old meeting-house was located at a distance of, perhaps, one-third of a mile 
from the Potter House. The original edifice was a frame building of moderate size. 
Rev. Abel C. Thomas, writing of its appearance in 1833, says it was "small, plain, 
and unpainted, and could hardly be termed elegant." The seats were of pine, with high 
backs, excepting one large square pew, which was reserved for Thomas Potter and his 
family. The original building was torn down in 1842 and a new one erected on the 
spot, partially of the old material. The oak grove mentioned by Murray is still stand- 
ing near by, but the trees immediately surrounding the church have been cut away. 



Good Luck, N'nu Jersey 95 

Through the dishonesty or mismanagement of Potter's executors, the church, which 
was willed to Murray, was sold to the Methodists and has since been held by them. 
For many years it was opened to all denominations, as its builder had intended it ever 
should be, but some years ago a young Methodist minister induced his people to close 
the house to the Universalists. The fact that during the early struggles of Methodism, 
when its adherents were persecuted and despised both for their heresy and supposed 
disloyalty to the American cause, Thomas Potter fearlessly opened the doors of his 
church and bade the preachers of the hunted sect make free use of his house of worship, 
renders this act on the part of the Methodists the more reprehensible. Nor can there 
be a reasonable doubt that the property does not legally belong to its present holders. 
Near the old church is the grave of Thomas Potter, now inclosed by an iron fence 
and marked by a tombstone erected by Rev. Abel C. Thomas in 1833. Upon the 
stone is the following inscription : 

In Memory of 

THOMAS POTTER, 

The Friend and Patron of 

JOHN MURRAY, 

An Early Advocate of 

UNIVERSALISM IN AMERICA. 



Have we not all one Father ? 



Erected May 15, 1S33. 



The exact date of Thomas Potter's death is not known, but is supposed to have 
been between 1785 and 1790. His widow surrendered her property to a relative, he 
promising to care for her during the remainder of her life. The promise was broken ; 
she died in povert}'' and her resting place is not known. 

Of the personal appearance of Potter and his good wife, little is now known, 
Murray speaks of his " genuine politeness uader a rough form," and at another time 
mentions "his benevolent countenance." " He was," wrote Murray in his " Notes and 
Sketches," " a gem of the first quality, and notwithstanding the crust which from his- 
birth enfolded him, this crust was so far broken as to emit upon almost every occa- 
sion, the native splendor of his intellect." An old lady, the niece of Thomas Potter's- 
wife, in conversation with the writer of this article, said that she had often heard her 
mother describe Potter as " a tall, large-framed man, with a decidedly sandy complex- 
ion," and his wife as "a very large woman." 

The Potter Memorial Church was erected by the New Jersey Convention of Uni- 
vei'salists, with the aid of friends outside the State, and was dedicated in 1SS6. The 
edifice is a very handsome one. The interior is nicely finished with overarching 
beams in the natural wood, and frescoed walls. Over the pulpit are pictures of John 
Murray and Hosea Ballou — the former an engraving, the latter an oil painting. In a 
case in the rear of the church is a valuable collection of relics, including among many 
other mementoes of interest, a picture of Murray presented by himself to a friend in 
Philadelphia, two Murray letters, the Potter cane already mentioned, and several rare 
books. The Murray Grove Association is adding to the collection as fast as possible. 
Nearly everything of historic value has been secured by the Association or by private 
individuals, but the original key to the old meeting house is still in the possession of a 
family in the neighborhood. A few of the old pews are still in existence. Of one 
of these, now in the vestry of the Hightstown (N. J.) Church, the gavel used at the 
" Boston '95 " Y. P. C. U. convention, was made. 



96 



The Gate to the Sea 



More than thirty years ago several influential Universalists endeavored to 
secure control of the old Potter meeting house. The church, however, coiild not be 
purchased, and nothing further was accomplished than to secure an acre of land near 
by. Afterward the Murray Grove Association was formed for the purpose of develop- 
ing a summer grove meeting and resort, as well as to acquire anything in the vicinity 
which would be of historical interest to the Universalist Church. Though struggling 
•under many difficulties, the society has thus far been very successful. It has succeeded 
in collecting many valuable relics, and through its labors the " Grove" is rapidly be- 
coming a pleasant and popular summer resort. Religious services are held during the 
entire month of August, and each summer the list of speakers includes the names of 
several of the most eloquent and well-known preachers in the denomination. 

The Murray Grove House is a neat, large, three-story building, with a broad piazza 
and pleasant rooms. It stands in the edge of a pleasant grove and is but a few rods 
from the Potter Memorial Church. Recently a house and lot near the hotel property 
have been purchased, and will be in use this season. Upon the nicely-kept grounds 
are tennis courts and a croquet ground for all who enjoy these games. 

To the Association the Universalist Church certainl^'^ owes a debt of gratitude be- 
cause of its efforts to secure for future generations of Universalists, whatever remains 
to remind them of Thomas Potter and John Murray, and of the beginning of the 
Universalist movement in America. 

EDWARD G. MASON. 




THE GRAVE OF THOMAS POTTER. 



014 221 604 8 



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